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1、2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题He is very tired. He needs（ ）.问题1选项A.a good night restB.good rest of a nightC.a good rest nightD.a good nights rest【答案】D【解析】考查名词所有格。表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加“s”来表示所有关系，此处表示他需要一个晚上的休息，night为名词，后面加“s”表示与rest的所有关系，因此选D。句意：他非常累，他需要一个晚上的休息。2. 单选题The
2、（ ）view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.问题1选项A.predominantB.credulousC.inclusiveD.sustainable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项predominant“主要的，占主导地位的”；B选项credulous“轻信的，易受骗的”；C选项inclusive“包括的，包罗广泛的”；D选项sustainable“可持续的”。此处表示英国和其他西方国家的主要
3、观点，故选A。句意：英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化通常与衰落、依赖、孤立以及贫穷有关。3. 单选题Growth, reproduction, and daily metabolism all require an organism to expend energy. The expenditure of energy is essentially a process of budgeting, just as finances are budgeted. If all of ones money is spent on clothes, there may be none left
4、to buy food or go to the movies. Similarly, a plant or animal cannot squander all its energy on growing a big body if none would be left over for reproduction, for this is the surest way to extinction.All organisms, therefore, allocate energy to growth, reproduction, maintenance, and storage. No cho
5、ice is involved; this allocation comes as part of the genetic package from the parents. Maintenance for a given body design of an organism is relatively constant. Storage is important, but ultimately that energy will be used for maintenance, reproduction, or growth. Therefore the principal differenc
6、es in energy allocation are likely to be between growth and reproduction.Almost all of an organisms energy can be diverted to reproduction, with very little allocated to building the body. Organisms at this extreme are “opportunists.” At the other extreme are “competitors,” almost all of whose resou
7、rces are invested in building a huge body, with a bare minimum allocated to reproduction.Dandelions are good examples of opportunists. Their seed heads raised just high enough above the ground to catch the wind, the plants are no bigger than they need be, their stems are hollow, and all the rigidity
8、 comes from their water content. Thus, a minimum investment has been made in the body that becomes a platform for seed dispersal. These very short-lived plants reproduce prolifically; that is to say they provide a constant rain of seed in the neighborhood of parent plants. A new plant will spring up
9、 wherever a seed falls on a suitable soil surface, but because they do not build big bodies, they cannot compete with other plants for space, water, or sunlight. These plants are termed opportunists because they rely on their seeds falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by na
10、tural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy.Opportunists must constantly invade new areas to compensate for being displaced by more competitive species. Human landscapes of lawns, fields, or flowerbeds provide settin
11、gs with bare soil and a lack of competitors that are perfect habitats for colonization by opportunists. Hence, many of the strongly opportunistic plants are the common weeds of fields and gardens.Because each individual is short-lived, the population of an opportunist species is likely to be adverse
12、ly affected by drought, bad winters, or floods. If their population is tracked through time, it will be seen to be particularly unstable soaring and plummeting in irregular cycles.The opposite of an opportunist is a competitor. These organisms tend to have big bodies, are long-lived, and spend relat
13、ively little effort each year on reproduction. An oak tree is a good example of a competitor. A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, outcompeting all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil. The leaves of an oak tree taste foul b
14、ecause they are rich in tannins, a chemical that renders them distasteful or indigestible to many organisms. The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity. Although oaks produce thousands of acorns, the investment in a crop of acorns is small compared with the energy s
15、pent on building leaves, trunk, and roots. Once an oak tree becomes established, it is likely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire. A population of oaks is likely to be relatively stable through time, and its survival is likely to depend more on its ability to withstand the pressures of
16、competition or predation than on its ability to take advantage of chance events. It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics.1.In paragraph 1, the author explains the concept of energy expenditure
