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1、代词IT的用法一IT的用法 用 法 例 证 1. 用作代词，为人称代词；第三人称单数，主格与宾格 There is a map on the wall. It is a map of China. 墙上有张地图，它是一张中国地图。(It指代上文提到的a map，在句中作主语) Our monitor suggested that we go outing on Sunday. No one was against it. 班长建议我们星期天去郊游，没人反对。 (it指代上句这件事，作介词的宾语) 2作无人称代词，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表天气，时间，度量及情
2、况等。 What time is it? Its twelve oclock. “现在几点了?”“十二点钟。”(指代时间) It was quiet at that moment. 当时非常安静。(指代情况) 3作先行代词。It作先行代词时，本身没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语或宾语移到句子的后面去，it的作用是代替它后面起主语或宾语作用的不定式，动名词或从句。 It is very important for us to study English. 学英语对我们来说非常重要。(it指代后面的动词不定式。) Its doubtful whether he will be able to
3、come. 他能否来还很难说。(it代替后面的whether从句) Its no use crying over the spilt milk. 牛奶倾覆，哭之无益。(覆水难收)(it指代后面的动名词。)I owe it to you that I can achieve so much. 我能取得这些成绩都归功于你。(it指代后面的that从句) 4用于强调句型中，it是引词，本身无词义。lt is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其它成分这一句型可强调主语，宾语或状语。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a fa
4、ce and an hour hand was made. 大约是在600年前，造了第一只有钟面与时针的钟。 5用于一些固定词组中，接在某些由名词变来的动词后，无实际意义。口语中用作某些动词或介词的含糊宾语，无意义。 Put it on. 夸大其词，吹牛。 Watch it. 注意。 Go it while you are young. 趁你年轻努力干吧。 I had a good time of it. 我玩得很高兴。 Depend upon it, she will soon recover. 不错(毫无疑问)，她很快会复原。 As ill luck will have it. 偏偏不巧。
5、 Youll catch it! 你可小心点儿!(警告用语) You are in for it. 这下你可得干到底了(或这下你可要倒霉了。) 6. 用作代词。意为“的确是 那东西，更重要的(必要的)东西，理想，极致，最顶尖的人”，俚语中指“重要人物，讨厌，自负的人”。 Thats it. 就这样了。/真是这样。 In a lilac sun bonnet she was it. 她戴着一顶紫色遮阳帽，瀑亮极了。 For barefaced lying you are really it. 以无耻造谣而论，你真算得上天下第一。 Stop acting as though you were it
6、. 不要夜郎自大。 He is a perfect it. 他太讨厌了。 Well foot it. 我们将步行去。 Well taxi it. 我们将坐出租车去。 She queens it. 她玩着女皇派头。二IT作人称代词 用 法 例 证 1代替前面(或后面)的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。 Where is my school-bag? Its on the desk. 我的书包在哪里?它在课桌上。(it指代前面的物school-bag) Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didnt work
7、. 汤姆的母亲不断地告诉他要好好努力，但这根本没用。(it指代 前面要他努力这样) Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. 虽然我们看不见空气，但它在我们的周围。(it指代后面的air。在主从复合句中，it通常位于从句中，而它所指代的名词通常位于主句中。) It would be wonderful if you could come to help us. 如果你来帮助我们，那就太好了。(it指将会发生的事情，代替if引导的从句) 2代替有生命的但不能或不必分阴阳的东西。(包括某些集合名词，个体名词) Our class
8、is a big one. We all love it very much. 我们班是个大班，我们都热爱它。(it指代前面的集体名词class) The baby cried because it was hungry. 婴儿因为饿而哭了。(it指代前面的个体名词baby) 三IT作无人称代词 用 法 例 证 1指时间 Its twelve oclock now and its time for lunch. 现在十二点了，该吃午饭了。 What day is it? Its Thursday. “今天星期几？”“星期四。” It has been ten years since I lef
9、t Taiwan. 我离开台湾已经十年了。 2指距离 How far is it to the school? Its about one mile. “到学校有多远?”“大约一英里。” It half an hours walk to the factory. 到工厂需走半个小时的路程。 3指自然现象 It is getting hotter and hotter. 天越来越热了。 It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。 Its cloudy today. 今天多云。 4指度量 Its 10 kilegrams in weight. 重量为十公斤。 It is twenty
10、square metres of area. 面积为20平方米。 5指环境情况 Its dark in the room. 房间里很黑。 It was very quiet at the moment. 这时候很安静。 Its quite close in the room. Lets open the window. 房间里相当闷，把窗子打开吧。 四IT作先行代词 用 法 例 证 1It作形式主语，指代不定式，动名词或从句。 In fact it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match
11、. 事实上，在重大足球比赛中，警察们维护秩序是一件难事。(it代替动词不定式短语for the police to keep.) It took them two years to finish the building. 他们花了两年时间建成了这座大楼。(it代替动词不定式短语to finish.) Its no use reading without understanding. 读书不求甚解是无用的。(it代替后面动名词reading.) Its no good talking up the matter now. 现在提起那个问题也没用。(it代替后面的动名词talking.) It
12、is a pity that you didnt come yesterday. 你昨天没有来，真可惜。(it代替从句that.) It needs further discussion whether well build a new library or not. 我们是否要建一个新的图书馆还需进一步讨论。(it代替从句whether.) 2it作形式宾语指代不定式，动名词或从句。 I found it difficult to hear what she said. 我发现要听见她说的话很困难。(it代替不定式to hear.) Marx found it important to st
13、udy the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的形势很重要。(it代替不定式to study.) She thought it no use telling him about that. 她觉得把那件事告诉他没有用。(it代替动名词telling.) We consider it good reading aloud in the morning. 我们认为早晨大声朗读是有好处的。(it代替动名词短语reading.) They think it necessary that we go there at once. 他们认为我们有必要立即赶到那里。(it代替从
14、句that.) 小结： 在句型中充当形式宾语的情况有三种： 1谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接有if或when等引导的宾语从句时，往往在从句前加上形式宾语it。 I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party. 如果你能来参加我的生日晚会，我将感到高兴。 2动词have(表达，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等后接由引导的宾语从句时，往往在从句前加上形式宾语it。 I take i
15、t you have been out. 我想你出去过了。 We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 我们宣布了我们已提前完成了这项工程。 3短语动词answer for(担保)， count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持)，see to(确保)等后接引导的宾语从句时，往往在从句前加上形式宾语it。 I am counting on it that you will come. 我们期待着你能来。 See to it that you always carry your passport. 你得常带着你的护照。 五IT构成强调句 用 法 例 证 1可以改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。其句型为It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其它成分，可强调主语，宾语或状语。 原句：I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 我昨天在火车站遇到了李明。 强调主语：It was I that/who met Li Ming at the railway station. 是我昨天在火车站遇到李明的。 强调宾语
