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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The theory that business could operate totally without the aid of government has proved to be a （ ）.问题1选项A.allusionB.seclusionC.illusionD.confusion【答案】C【解析】考察名词辨析。allusion “暗示”；seclusion “与世隔绝”；illusion “幻想；错觉”；confusion“混乱；困惑”。句意：认为商业运营能够完全脱离政府援助的这种观点是一种幻想。选
2、项C符合句意。2. 单选题New Years detox products that purport to rid the body of harmful chemicals accumulated through seasonal over-indulgence are a waste of time and money, leading scientists said recently.Most of the pills, juices, teas and oils that are sold for their detoxifying effects on the body have n
3、o scientific foundation for their claims, according to toxicologists and dieticians.They will not influence the rate at which the body rids itself of toxins, and any beneficial effects would be matched at much lower cost by drinking plenty of tap water, eating fruit and vegetables and getting a few
4、early nights.The entire market for detox products, which is worth tens of millions of pounds a year, rests on myths about the human body that are hitting consumers in the wallet, the experts report has found.“Among these myths is the idea that in some way the body accumulates noxious chemicals durin
5、g everyday life, and that they need to be expunged by some mysterious process of detoxification, often once a year after Christmas excess. The detox fad - or fads, as there are many methods - is an example of the capacity of people to believe in (and pay for) magic despite the lack of any sound evid
6、ence.” said Martin Wiseman, Visiting Professor of Human Nutrition at the University of Southampton.The criticism of the detox industry has emerged from an inquiry into public perceptions of chemicals and toxicity by a working party of 11 scientists. The full report, Making Sense of Chemical Stories,
7、 will be published later this month by the charity Sense About Science.It found that popular ideas about detox are based on misconceptions about how the human body responds to chemicals in the diet. The liver and kidneys are highly efficient organs that have evolved to break down and remove toxins f
8、rom the bloodstream, and their function is not helped by products such as Gillian McKeiths 19.99 “24 hour detox programme,” which claims to “assist the natural detoxification process in your body.”“Our bodies are very good at eliminating all the nasties that we might digest over the festive season,”
9、 said John Emsley, of the Royal Society of Chemistry.Sir Colin Berry, Professor Emeritus of Pathology at Queen Mary, University of London, said: “Even if you drink an almost lethal dose of alcohol (which I dont recommend) your liver will clear it in 36 hours without assistance from detox tablets.”1.
10、 It can be inferred that people usually（ ）.2. According to scientists, what helps rid the body of toxins includes（ ）.3. The boldfaced word “expunged”(in Para. 5) can best be replaced by （ ）.4. Experts consider it a myth that（ ）.5. The criticism of the detox industry started（ ）.6. John Emsley and Col
11、in Berry share the idea that（ ）.问题1选项A.take harmful chemicalsB.consume detox productsC.have a balanced dietD.waste money on food问题2选项A.going to bed earlyB.drinking herbal teaC.taking certain pillsD.doing much exercise问题3选项A.testedB.digestedC.eliminatedD.accumulated问题4选项A.detox products have marvelou
12、s effectsB.noxious chemicals gather in the bodyC.people generally overeat at ChristmasD.peoples capacity to believe is unlimited问题5选项A.at a conference held at the University of SouthhamtonB.from a report entitled “Making Sense of Chemical Stories”C.by a charity organization called Sense About Scienc
13、eD.with a study on public understanding of chemicals问题6选项A.toxins can stay in the body as long as 36 hoursB.drinking excessive alcohol leads to deathC.detox tablets facilitate the natural detoxificationD.the human body has a powerful detox system【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D第6题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。文章第一段提到一
14、些权威科学家表示，新年排毒产品声称可以清楚体内因季节性过度放纵而积累起来的有害化学物质，但实际上是在浪费时间和金钱（a waste of time and money），由此可以推断出人们经常会购买这些排毒产品，因此选项B符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第三段提到多喝水、多吃水果以及早睡的排毒效果都可以与排毒产品相当，并且成本更低（at much lower cost by drinking plenty of tap water, eating fruit and vegetables and getting a few early nights），因此选项A符合题意。3.词义题。文章第五段提
15、到在这些谬论中，有一种观点认为，人体在日常生活中以某种方式积累有害化学物质(Among these myths is the idea that in some way the body accumulates noxious chemicals during everyday life)，这些有害物质需要通过一些神秘的排毒过程来被expunge，根据上下文可知排毒产品是用来清除有毒物质，因此可以推断出expunge这个词的意思是”清除”，因此选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章第五段提到在这些谬论中，有一种观点认为，人体在日常生活中以某种方式积累有害化学物质，这些有害物质需要通过某种神秘的解毒过程排出体外（Among these myths is the idea that in some way the body accumulates noxious chemicals during everyday life, and that they need to be expunged by some mysterious process of detoxification, often once a year after Christmas excess），通过上下文可知这
