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1、名词性从句讲练学案在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it代替，而本身放在句子末 尾。It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结 构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分， 都可用连词that。被强调部分指人
2、时也可用who/whom。例如：2) That she is still alive is a con solati on二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如：I heard that be joined the army.(2) 由what, whether (if)引导的宾语从句，例如：She did not know what had happe ned.I won der whether you can cha nge this note for
3、me.(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my in vitati on.2. 作介词的宾语，例如：Our success depe nds upon how well we can cooperate with one ano ther.It is a pity that you did nt go to see the film.3.作形容词的宾语，例如:It doesn t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the mor ning that the m
4、urder took place.I am afraid (that) I ve madea mistak注意：that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：It is Joh n that broke the win dow. 用it作形式主语的结构(1) It is +名词+从句It is a fact that事实是It is an honor that非常荣幸It is com mon kno wledge that是常识It is +形容词+从句It is n atural that很自然It is stra nge that奇怪的是It is +不及物动词+ 从句It seems t
5、hat似乎It happe ned that碰巧It appears that似乎It +过去分词+从句It is reported that据报道It has bee n proved that已证实It is said that据说主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:(1) if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2) It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如：It is said that Preside nt Jia ng will visit our school n ext week.That Preside nt Jia ng will visit o
6、ur school n ext week is said.(3) It happens/occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the exam in ati on.That he failed in the exam in ati on occurred to him.(4) It doesn t matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句 不可提前。例如：It doesn t matter whether he is wrong or not.Whether he is wrong or not
7、doesn t matter.(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可 提前。例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?Is that will rain in the eve ning likely?4. what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而 that则不然。例如：1) What you said yesterday is right.an xious, aware, certa in, con fide nt, convin ced, determ in
8、 ed, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, tha nkful, ashamed, disappo in ted, anno yed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content等。也可以将此类词后的 that从句的看作原因 状语从句。4. it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而 真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语 的句子中。例如： We heard it that she would getmarried n ext mon th.5. 后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词
9、有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：I admire their winning the match.I admire that they won the match.6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于 动词+间接宾语+ that从 句 结构中，常见的有 envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress
10、, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate 等。例如：He impressed the man ager as an hon est man.He impressed the man ager that he was an hon est man.7. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose,believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等，其后的宾语从 句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语 上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：I don think this dress
11、 fits you well.我认为这件衣 服不适合你穿。三.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem 等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有thereason is that和和-It is because 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we can t get the support
12、 of the people3) But the fact rema ins that we are beh ind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed theearly bus.四.同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性 从句。1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：s decisi on that the pris oner would be set frehe rain yesterday.1) The
13、king surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is give n by the gen eral.2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后 面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别（1）定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从
14、句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。（2）定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对 先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是 名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1）The n ews that he told me is that Tom would go abroadnext year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将岀国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2）The n ews that Tom would go abroad is told by him. （汤 姆将岀国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中 不作任何成分）自测题He a
15、skedfor the violi n.A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid2. They want to knowdo to help us.A. what can theyB. what they canC. how they canD. how can they3. you have done might do harm to other people.A. That B. What C. Which D. This4. These photographs will show you.A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village looks likeD. how our village looks l
