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1、非谓语动词之一动名词(doing)导学案及练习一、动名词的句法功能动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作 、 、 、 等成分。1、 作主语1） 直接位于句首做主语。 _ _ is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 _ _ is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。_ _ is not a pleasure but a suffering. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。注意：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2）用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型：It is + no use/no good/useless +
2、 v.-ing It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is useless _. 劝说这样的人加入真是没用。3） 用于“There be”结构中。 常用句型：There is no + v.ing = It is impossible to do There is no saying when hell come._There is no joking about such matters. _注意：在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。4） 用于布告形式的省略结构中。 No smoking ( =N
3、o smoking is allowed (here) ). _ No parking. _5） 动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： _ to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。_ there wont be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。2、动名词作宾语1）. 既可用不定式，也可用动名词做宾语，意思上无多大的区别这样的动词有: begin, start, continue,
4、 等e.g. Have you started to work /working yet?_.2）. 可用不定式做宾语，表示一时，一次的动作，表示某一具体行为也可用动名词做宾语，表示经常性的动作，表示一般或抽象动作这样的动词有：like, love ,prefer, hate 等e.g. I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon. _.3）. 动词forget, remember, regret, try, mean,stop 等后可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：forget doing sth_. forge
5、t to do sth._。eg: I forgot to turn off the light. I forgot turning off the light。remember doing sth_. remember to do sth._。eg: Please remember to write to me. I remember posting the letter.regret doing sth._。regret to do sth._。eg: I regret to say I cant go with you. She regretted telling me about th
6、at.try doing sth. _ 。 try to do sth. _ 。eg: You must try to finish the work.Try telling that to Tom, hell be angry.mean doing sth._. mean to do sth._。 eg: I didnt mean to hurt your feelings.This means going there at once.4）.只能接动名词作宾语的及物动词，有： *某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest,
7、allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, cant stand, put off, give up等。如：Would you mind _?吧窗户打开好吗？She suggested _ _ for the spring outing. 她建议去长
8、城春游。Seeing the picture, he couldnt help_ . 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。Mark often attempts to escape_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。*形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。The music is well worth_ more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。5）作动词短语中介词的宾语*能接动名词的动词短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of,
9、 prevent/keep/stopfrom, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend(in), feel like, preferto, instead of, in cas
10、e of等等。We are thinking of_. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shall we have a rest or get down to_? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？Ann has been looking forward to _ for a long time. 安好久以来就盼望着来中国。*在下面的句型结构中，介词in常可省略：（1）S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/（2）S + speng （4）S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing （立即 ）We are busy _. 我们正为马上到来的
11、运动会忙着做准备。6）. 动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时， 其后可接动名词的主动式(doing)作宾语，也可接不定式的被动式（to be done）作宾语，意义一样。 eg: The library needs to be cleaned. =The library needs_.7）. 在be worth, be busy 后接动名词作宾语。 e g: The book is worth reading.Do you have any difficulty_? 要听懂英语口语你有困难吗？3、作表语动名词作表语时句子主语通常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名
12、词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。My job is teaching English.Your task is_. 你的任务就是擦窗户。What I hate most is _. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 4、作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：a walking stick a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking_a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing_a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading_sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping_二、动名词的复合结构带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的
