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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题At 18, Ashanthi Desilva of suburban Cleveland is a living symbol of one of the great intellectual achievements of the 20th century. Born with an extremely rare and usually fatal disorder that left her without a functioning immune system (the “bubble-boy disease
2、,” named after an earlier victim who was kept alive for years in a sterile plastic tent), she was treated beginning in 1990 with a revolutionary new therapy that sought to correct the defect at its very source, in the genes of her white blood cells. It worked. Although her last gene-therapy treatmen
3、t was in 1992, she is completely healthy with normal immune function, according to one of the doctors who treated her, W. French Anderson of the University of Southern California. Researchers have long dreamed of treating diseases from hemophilia to cancer by replacing mutant genes with normal ones.
4、 And the dreaming may continue for decades more. “There will be a gene-based treatment for essentially every disease,” Anderson says, “within 50 years.”Its not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Andersons early success. The National Institutes of Health budget office estimates
5、it will spend $432 million on gene-therapy research in 2005, and there is no shortage of promising leads. The therapeutic genes are usually delivered through viruses that dont cause human disease. “The virus is sort of like a Trojan Horse,” says Ronald Crystal of New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell
6、Medical College. “The cargo is the gene.”At the University of Pennsylvanias Abramson Cancer Center, immunologist Carl June recently treated HIV patients with a gene intended to help their cells resist the infection. At Cornell University, researchers are pursuing gene-based therapies for Parkinsons
7、disease and a rare hereditary disorder that destroys childrens brain cells. At Stanford University and the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, researchers are trying to figure out how to help patients with hemophilia who today must inject themselves with expensive clotting drugs for life. Animal exp
8、eriments have shown great promise.But somehow, things get lost in the translation from laboratory to patient. In human trials of the hemophilia treatment, patients show a response at first, but it fades over time. And the field has still not recovered from the setback it suffered in 1999, when Jesse
9、 Gelsinger, an 18-year-old with a rare metabolic disorder, died after receiving an experimental gene therapy at the University of Pennsylvania. Some experts worry that the field will be tarnished further if the next people to benefit are not patients but athletes seeking an edge. This summer, resear
10、chers at the Salk Institute in San Diego said they had created a “marathon mouse” by implanting a gene that enhances running ability; already, officials at the World Anti-Doping Agency are preparing to test athletes for signs of “Gene doping.” But the principle is the same, whether youre trying to h
11、elp a health runner run faster or allow a muscular-dystrophy patient to walk. “Everybody recognizes that gene therapy is a very good idea,” says Crystal. “And eventually its going to work.”41. The case of Ashanthi Desilva is mentioned in the text to _.42. Andersons early success has _.43. Which of t
12、he following is TRUE according to the text?44. The word “tarnish” (Paragraph 4) most probably means _.45. From the text we can see that the author seems _.问题1选项A.show the promise of gene-therapyB.give an example of modern treatment for fatal diseasesC.introduce the achievement of Anderson and his te
13、amD.explain how gene-based treatment works问题2选项A.greatly speeded the development of medicineB.promised a cure to everyC.brought no immediate progress in the research of gene-therapy diseaseD.made him a national hero问题3选项A.Ashanthi needs to receive gene-therapy treatment constantly.B.Therapeutic gene
14、s are carried by harmless viruses.C.Despite the huge funding, gene researches have shown few promises.D.Gene-doping is encouraged by world agencies to help athletes get better scores.问题4选项A.affectB.stainC.troubleD.warn问题5选项A.troubledB.pessimisticC.optimisticD.uncertain【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解
15、析】41.目的意图题。题干“文章中提到Ashanthi Desilva的案例是为了_”，可定位到原文第1段。本文是围绕“基因治疗”来展开的，开篇第1段就举了Ashanthi Desilva通过基因治疗成功的例子。并且本段最后一句“There will be a gene-based treatment for essentially every disease,” Anderson says, “within 50 years.”（Anderson说：“未来50年内，几乎所有疾病都会有一种基于基因的治疗方法。”）由此可知，治好Ashanthi Desilva的医生Anderson对基因治疗的展
16、望，并且后文接着就写了基因治疗的有关内容。A选项“（为了）展示基因治疗的前景”符合原文和题目要求。B选项“举一个现代治疗致命疾病的例子”，只表述了内容，没有表述举例的目的，排除；C选项“介绍Anderson和他的团队的成就”，没有围绕文章主题，不是举例的目的，排除；D选项“解释基因治疗是如何起作用的”，案例中并未解释基因治疗是如何起作用的，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为A。42.判断推理题。题干“Anderson的早期成就_”，可定位到原文第2段第1句Its not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Andersons early suc
