《非谓语动词归纳讲解及08-11年高考真题》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《非谓语动词归纳讲解及08-11年高考真题（8页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。为三种：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）不定式1、 作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。To see is to believe. 往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 It is+ adj. of / f
2、or sb. to do sth. 用of 的形容词：2、作宾语（1）动词+不定式。如：He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）常用动词：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等（2）动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：I dont know what
3、 to do next/ how to do it next.用it 作形式宾语。如： I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.3、作宾语补足语（1动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。如：He warned me to be careful. I want you to speak to Tom. What makes you think so?（不带to的不定式） 常用动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,
4、warn, expect, prefer, encourage（2表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如：We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态） (3) There +不定式。如： We didnt expect there to be so many people there.注意：感官动词：使让动词：在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（
5、三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree. 4、作定语不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系） He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）He is the first person
6、 to think of the idea.（主谓关系） He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如： Do you have anything else to say? 2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。如： I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字)5.作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as
7、to, soas to, such as to, .enough to, tooto等。（1）做目的状语，to, only to （仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such).as to（如此以便）如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. （2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.（3）做原因状语。如：We were very excited to hear the news.（4）做条
8、件状语。如：To turn to the left , you could find a post office.（5） 做形容词后状语： The book is easy to read. The room is pleasant to live in.6、作表语 The question is how to put it into practice. His dream is to be a doctor.注意：主表一致 如：To see is to believe. （眼见为实）7、独立结构。如： To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.
9、 To make matters worse, it began to rain.二、不定式的时态和语态1、不定式的时态（1）现在时：to do有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. （2）完成时：to have done表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.（3）进行时：to be doing表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：He seems to be eat
10、ing something.（4）完成进行时：to have been doing表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.2、不定式的语态 to be done He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.三、省to 的动词不定式1、Would rather do than do , had better do 2、感官动词 see, watch, l
11、ook at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，省略 to.注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如：I saw him dance. He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. They were made to work the whole night.3、使役动词 let, have, make.4、由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France an
12、d marry the girl.5、Help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth.6、Why/Why not7、But 和 except 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。 He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.8、通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去 to be .如：He is supposed (to be)
13、 nice. 他应该是个好人。四、动词不定式的否定式。如：Tell him not to shut the window. She pretended not to see me when I passed by.动名词（动名词具有动词和名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语）1、作主语 谓语用单数。It代替动名词作主语，常用于如下结构：Its no good/use/useless/fun/a waste of time+ doing Seeing is believing.2、作宾语 (1)只能接动名词作宾语的动词：admit，advise建议，risk，appreciate，envy
14、嫉妒，avoid避免，consider考虑，delay延迟，deny否认，dislike不喜欢，enjoy，escape逃避，excuse原谅、宽恕，finish完成，forgive原谅，understand理解，give up放弃，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意、在乎，miss未达到，practise训练，put off推迟，resist抵抗，suggest建议、暗示cant help 禁不住，cant stand无法忍受，devote to(to为介词)致力于，look forward to 期望、盼望，stick to坚持，be used to习惯于，object to反
15、对，be busy忙于，fee like想要be surprised at 对感到惊讶 be proud of 以为骄傲 succeed in 在某方面成功 be afraid of害怕 give up 放弃 (2)接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：like，love，dislike，hate，begin，start，continue，prefer， (3)下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等(4)Need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如：The flowers need watering/to be watered. The problem is worth discussing.3、作表语 My hobby is collecting stamps.4、作定语 动名词作定语，一般表
