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1、2022年考博英语-江苏大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it _ before the West was settled.问题1选项A.couldB.didC.wouldD.was【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. could能够 B. did助动词do的过去式C. would将要 D. was是【考查点】省略。【解题思路】根据asas可知，此处是比较级，比较的成分应该是相同的，所以第二个as后面的成分应该是as it had the sp
2、irit of adventure，但前面已经出现the spirit of adventure，所以后面用助动词did替代，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合语法结构。【句意】作为一个国家，美国将不再具有开拓西部之前的那种冒险精神。2. 单选题Let us begin with two vignettes.问题1选项A.slogansB.maximsC.caveatsD.sketches【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. slogans口号 B. maxims格言；箴言C. caveats警告；告诫 D. sketches幽默短剧，小品；素描【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】vi
3、gnette是表示“人物特征、局势等的简介；（表演）小品”，四个选项中只有D项词义与之相近，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合划线单词词义。【句意】让我们从两个小品开始。3. 单选题Churchills inspiring speeches helped _ his countrymen to fight against the enemy.问题1选项A.rallyB.allyC.resembleD.ramble【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. rally召集；集合 B. ally与结盟C. resemble看起来像；显得像 D. ramble漫步；漫谈【考查点】动词辨析。【解
4、题思路】根据关键信息to fight against the enemy（与敌人作战）可知，_ his countrymen是指“召集他的国民”，该题选择A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】丘吉尔鼓舞人心的演说帮助他的国民团结起来与敌人作战。4. 单选题There is much discussion today about the need for the government to _ the theater.问题1选项A.substituteB.subsidizeC.subscribeD.subordinate【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. substitut
5、e代替；取代 B. subsidize资助；补助C. subscribe申请；预订 D. subordinate使从属于【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词government和theater，结合四个选项可知，政府对于剧院应该是资助，故该题选择B项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】今天有很多关于政府资助剧院的必要性的讨论。5. 不定项选择题As Gilbert White, Darwin, and others observed long ago, all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase
6、 their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different population makes this task m
7、ore difficult: some populations remain roughly constant from year to year; others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity; still others vary wildly, with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather, and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kal
8、eidoscope of patterns, one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have density-dependent growth parameters; that is, rates of birth, death, and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly va
9、rying populations have density-independent growth parameters, with vital rates buffeted by environmental events; these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.This dichotomy has its uses, but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing, no population
10、 can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth, death, and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages, if there were no density-dependent effects, the population would, in the long run, either increase or dec
11、rease without bound (barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly). Put another way, it may be that on average 99 percent of all deaths in a population arise from density-independent causes, and only one percent from factors varying with density. The factors making up the one percent
12、 may seem unimportant, and their cause may be correspondingly hard to determine. Yet, whether recognized or not, they will usually determine the long-term average population density.In order to understand the nature of the ecologists investigation, we may think of the density-dependent effects on gr
13、owth parameters as the signal ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret, one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones, while the density-independent effects act to produce noise in the population dynamics. For populations that r
14、emain relatively constant, or that oscillate around repeated cycles, the signal can be fairly easily characterized and its effects described, even though the causative biological mechanism may remain unknown. For irregularly fluctuating populations, we are likely to have too few observations to have
15、 any hope of extracting the signal from the overwhelming noise. But it now seems clear that all populations are regulated by a mixture of density-dependent and density-independent effects in varying proportions.1. The author of the text is primarily concerned with _.2. It can be inferred from the text that the author considers the dichotomy discussed to be _.3. According to the text, all of the following behaviors have been exhibited by different populations EXCEPT _.4. The discussion concerning populat
