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1、总结针对电子压力计失效的改进措施压力计和温度计是测试过程使用的主要仪器设备，而其 发展也经历了从最初的低精度、单一品种的纯机械式结 构到复杂的电子式结构的变革。随着电子电工技术的迅 猛发展，具有高精度、高灵敏度、高集成性能的电子压 力计如雨后春笋。目前，全国各大油田应用较为广泛的 电子压力计多达数十种，而由于压力计的生产厂家众 多、型号繁杂、仪器电池检测、识别和操作方式的不同， 在使用过程中很容易造成混淆。另外，在矿藏层油气的 勘探和开发生产过程中，由于电子压力计长期工作在恶 劣环境之中，再加之仪器的选型不当、部件的性能不可 靠及人为的操作失误都能造成电子压力计使用过程中 的失效，甚至导致试采
2、工艺的失败。因此对影响井下电 子压力计失效的主要因素进行分析和预防具有非常重 要的现实意义。Pressure gauge and thermometer is the main instrument of testing process using equipment, and its development has experienced from the initial low precision, a single variety of pure mechanical structure to the complex electronic structure changes. With
3、the rapid development of electronic electrician technology,high precision, high sensitivity, high integration performance of electronic pressure gauge have sprung up. Has been widely applied at present, the national major oil fields and as many as dozens of electronic pressure gauge, and because man
4、y in the manufacturer of the pressure gauge, modelismultifarious, instrument battery detection, identification and the different methods of operation, in use process is easy to cause confusion. In addition, the mineral layer of oil and gas explorationanddevelopment and production process, due to the
5、 electronic pressure gauge long-term work under bad environment, coupled with improper instrument selection, the performance of the parts is not reliable and human error can be caused in the process of using electronic pressure gauge failure, and even lead to the failure of the pre-production proces
6、s. So the main factors of affecting the downhole electronic pressure gauge failure analysis and prevention has very important practical significance.2、工作原理及性能指标2, working principle and performance indexes2.1、工作原理2.1, the working principle电子压力计是一种主要用于油气田矿层压力和温度值 测量的高精密的电子仪器。其核心部件是压力传感器和 温度传感器，由于压力计的工
7、作环境恶劣多变，因此感 应元件的制作需要选用符合深层井下作业的耐高温、高 压的特殊材料以确保电子电压计的精确度和可靠性。根 据压力传感器和温度传感器的应变电桥原理，压力计的 振荡电路在井下地层压力和温度的共同影响作用下，将 被测矿层的压力值、温度值转化为电路系统识别电阻值 及电压值，并由振荡电路整频转换为计算机识别的电流 频率值信号，再经软件校正处理，折算成测试人员需要 的井下压力和温度数据。从以上的构成原理可见，电子 压力计的核心回路共包含两个测量电路：压力测量电路 和温度测量电路。Electronic pressure meter is a kind of is mainly used f
8、or oil and gas deposits of pressure and temperature measurement of high precision electronic instruments.Its core part is the pressure sensor andtemperaturesensor, due to the bad working conditions and changeful pressure gauge, so choose conforms to the deep underground work required for production
9、of sensing elements of resistance to high temperature and high pressure of special material to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the electronic voltmeter. According to the principle of pressure sensor and temperature sensor of strain bridge, pressure gauge of the oscillation circuit in downhole
10、 formation under the influence of pressure and temperature, the pressure value and temperature value of the test bed into a circuit system identification resistance and voltage value, and the oscillation circuit the whole conversion frequency values for computer recognition of current signals, then
11、through software correction processing, convert testers need data of downhole pressure and temperature. Visible from the composition of the above principle, the core of the electronics pressure gauge circuit consists of two total measurement circuit,circuit of pressure measurement and temperature me
12、asurement circuit.2.2、性能技术指标2.2, performance, technical indicators电子压力计具有高灵敏度、高精确度、高可靠性的特点， 其性能技术指标如下：Electronic pressure gauge has the characteristics of high sensitivity, high accuracy, high reliability, its technical performance indicators are as follows:、精确度2.2.1, accuracy在压力计无误差时的理想状态下，压力计标准曲线应
13、为 一次曲线，但是由于受到地层中诸多因素的影响，压力 计的实际图谱走线为二次或三次曲线。正常工作状态 下，压力计测量允许的精确度误差为土4psi。When there is no error in the pressure gauge of ideal state, the pressure gauge standard curve should be a curve, but due to many factors in the formation, the influence of the pressure gauge of actual map go line for quadratic
14、 or cubic curve. Under normal working state, the pressure gauge allows the accuracy of the measurement error of plus or minus 4 psi.、迟滞性2.2.2, hysteresis迟滞性指的是压力计在测量过程中从正反两个方向接 近同一目标测量值时所显示数据的最大差值，迟滞性误 差与压力计传感器使用的材料、制造安装水平及使用环 境有很大关系。正常工作状态下，压力计允许的迟滞性 测量误差为土 2psi。Hysteresis sex refers to the pressur
15、e gauge in the process of measuring from the positive and negative two direction is close to the same goal maximum difference in the measured values shows the data, the hysteresis error and pressure meter sensor materials used, manufacturing installation level and using the environment has a lot to
16、do. Normal working state, the pressure gauge allows the hysteresis of measurement error was plus or minus 2 psi.、重复性2.2.3, repeatability重复性误差是指压力计在全测量范围内和同一工作条 件下,同一操作者从同方向对同一输入压力值进行多次 连续测量所获得的随机误差，重复性误差与压力计使用 的地层环境及传感器材料有关。正常工作状态下，压力 计允许的重复性测量误差为土 3psi。Refers to the pressure gauge repeatability error within the range of measurement and under the same working conditions, the same operator many times from the same direction on t
