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1、2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Almost 15 years ago, in “The Work of Nations,” I described a three-tiered work force found in most advanced economies. At the bottom were workers who offer personal service, mainly in retail outlets, restaurants, hotels and hospitals. In the middle were product
2、ion workers in factories or offices, performing simple, repetitive tasks. At the top were “symbolic analysts”, like engineers or lawyers, who manipulate information to solve problems. Educated to think critically, almost all have university degrees. They were the knowledge workers of the new economy
3、.I predicted that advances in technology, and globalization, would widen the gaps in income and opportunity between these tiers. What I didnt predict was that the three tiers would change shape so dramatically. The top and bottom tiers are growing, and the middle shrinking, much faster than I expect
4、ed. Symbolic analysts now make up more than a fifth of all jobs in advanced economies, up from about 15 percent 15 years ago. Their incomes in developing economies are soaring, relative to other workers.Two different groups of symbolic analysts are emerging: national and global. Most symbolic analys
5、ts still work within a national economy, manipulating various kinds of symbols with the aid of computers. Theyre at the core of their nations middle classaccountants, engineers, lawyers, journalists and other university-trained professionals.Yet a new group is emerging at the very top. Theyre CEOs a
6、nd CFOs of global corporations, and partners and executives in global investment banks, law firms and consultancies. Unlike most national symbolic analysts, these global symbolic analysts conduct almost all their work in English, and share with one another an increasingly similar cosmopolitan cultur
7、e.Theres a good economic reason that this group of global symbolic analysts emerged. Global commerce is now occurring on a scale and with a complexity that no commercial contract can adequately cover and no single legal system can sufficiently enforce. Hence, global dealmakers must rely to an ever g
8、reater extent on an extended network of people whom they trust.The fears of national symbolic analysts are premature. The demand for their skills is still rising, notwithstanding the new competition. The earnings of university graduates in the United States and most advanced economies continue to ou
9、tpace the earnings of those with only secondary-school diplomas, and the earnings of people with graduate and professional degrees are rising even faster. If demand for symbolic analysts were dropping, we would expect the opposite.Yet unless the advanced economies invest more in education and basic
10、R&D, they could lose their global lead in science, engineering and high-value-added production within a few decades. China and India are now graduating more engineers and computer scientists than are emerging from American and European universities. At some point, national symbolic analysts in advan
11、ced economies will lose ground. Their global brethren, meanwhile, will continue to dominate global commerce. The income and wealth gap between them will widen into a chasm. They will live, literally, in different cultures.1. In what way is the prediction made by the author 15 years ago flawed?2. In
12、what way has the three tiers changed shape in developed countries?3. The emergence of the global symbolic analysts is mainly attributable to the _.4. The author advises advanced countries want to keep their competitive advantage to _.5. The author implies in the text that _.问题1选项A.The income gaps be
13、tween the tiers are not widening.B.Advances in technology create a fourth tier on the top.C.The income gap between the middle and top tiers is made wider.D.The knowledge workers become the largest group of the workforce.问题2选项A.The number of manufacturing workers is on the decline.B.The symbolic anal
14、ysts have become the dominant work force.C.The number of people in service industry remains stable.D.The computer workers receive the larger salaries than other workers.问题3选项A.popularity of the English languageB.increased transnational business transactionC.lack of suitable law applicable to global
15、dealingsD.emergence of a global culture问题4选项A.narrow down the income gaps between tiers of the workforceB.give national symbolic analysts consC.pay due attention to the rise of global symbolic analystsD.stream more money into education and research问题5选项A.a four-tiered classification is more suitable
16、 for picturing the present work forceB.national symbolic analysts will play a vital role in the upcoming globalizationC.graduates from Chinese and Indian universities will be valued in advanced economiesD.engineers and computer scientists will play different roles in different cultures【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:
