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1、2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantage of electronic money, you might think that we should move quickly to the cashless society
2、in which all payments are made electronically _1 , a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2_ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon “revolutionize th
3、e very 3_ of money itself”， only to 4_ itself several years later. Why has the movement to cashless society been so 5_ in coming1. A moreover B however C therefore D otherwise2. A off B back C over D around3. A power B history C conceptD sole4. A reverse B resist C resume D reward5. A silent B slow
4、C sudden D steadySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following fourtexts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay, entitled “Making It in America,” in the latest issue of The Atlantic, the
5、 author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines。”Davidsons article is
6、one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and sagging middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the quantum advances in both
7、globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers。In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just wont
8、earn you what it used to. It cant when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra their unique value contribution that makes them s
9、tand out in whatever is their field of employment. Average is over。Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. As they say, if horses could have voted, there never would have been cars. But theres been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, U.S. f
10、actories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs about 6 million in total disappeared。”And you aint seen nothin yet. Last April, Annie Lowrey of Slate wrote about a start-up called “E la Carte” that is out
11、 to shrink the need for waiters and waitresses: The company “has produced a kind of souped-up iPad that lets you order and pay right at your table. The brainchild of a bunch of M.I.T. engineers, the nifty invention, known as the Presto, might be found at a restaurant near you soon. . You select what
12、 you want to eat and add items to a cart. Depending on the restaurants preferences, the console could show you nutritional information, ingredients lists and photographs. You can make special requests, like dressing on the side or quintuple bacon. When youre done, the order zings over to the kitchen
13、, and the Presto tells you how long it will take for your items to come out. . Bored with your companions? Play games on the machine. When youre through with your meal, you pay on the console, splitting the bill item by item if you wish and paying however you want. And you can have your receipt e-ma
14、iled to you. . Each console goes for $100 per month. If a restaurant serves meals eight hours a day, seven days a week, it works out to 42 cents per hour per table making the Presto cheaper than even the very cheapest waiter。”What the iPad wont do in an above average way a Chinese worker will. Consi
15、der this paragraph from Sundays terrific article in The Times by Charles Duhigg and Keith Bradsher about why Apple does so much of its manufacturing in China: “Apple had redesigned the iPhones screen at the last minute, forcing an assembly-line overhaul. New screens began arriving at the Chinese plant near midnight. A foreman immediately roused 8,000 workers inside the companys dormitories, according to the executive. Each employee was given a biscuit and a cup of tea, guided to a workstation and within half an hour started a 12-hour shift fitting glass screens in
