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1、2014四六级考前翻译中国文化必备(二)老曹考研发布于2014年6月2日 01:01六、Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu， or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks。 T
2、he core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing ones spirit）. Meanwhile， it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism。 Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many diff
3、erent boxing styles， and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training。 It contains the ancient great thinkers pondering of life and the universe。 The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed bo
4、xing, such as shadow boxing （Taijiquan)， form and will boxing (Xingyiquan）， eight trigram palm （Baguazhang）, and the skills of kung fu weaponry， such as the skill of using swords， spears, twoedged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks， kooks, prongs and so on。 中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目承载着丰富的
5、中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等.本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络七、Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things。 After a long period of developm
6、ent， it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound， image, idea, and rhyme at the same time。 The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells， and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese cha
7、racters。 Afterwards， Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script， cursive script， running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky
8、 and a rectangular Earth。 The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “-“ （the horizontal stroke) “” (the vertical stroke), “”( the leftfalling stroke）, “” (the rightfalling stroke）, and “乙” (the turning stroke)。文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络个人收集整理，勿做商业用途汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟
9、的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后,汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段.汉字结构“外圆内方“， 源于古人天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画,即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。八、Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world。 The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago。 Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient
10、Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multivarious functions, such as clamping， turning over, lifting up， raking, stirring， scooping, poking， tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example， the partial tone of ch
11、opsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon。 Unlike using a knife and fork or ones own hands， a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners
12、 as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization. 中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能.中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同,成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络个人收集整理，勿做商业用途九、Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the
13、Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles， such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu， lease and others。 The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi， yin, bao, etc。 According to historical records， seals were widely used during the Warring States Peri
14、od （475BC221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts， such as seal characters and official script and so on； or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal， basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay， the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, bu
15、t it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies。 It is gradually becoming one of Chinas unique artworks。本文为互联网收集,请勿用作商业用途文档为个人收集整理,来源于网络印章就是图章.中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载,印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成,形状以圆、方为主.印章用朱色 钤盖,除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识
16、，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。十、Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia， yi， bing, ding, wu， ji, geng, xin, ren, gui。 The twelve Earthly Branches are： zi。chou， yin, mou, chen， si, wu, wei, shen， you, xu， hai。 After observing the lunar month， the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year， and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the orde
