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1、一、主语表示法1、名词作主语David arrived last night. 大卫昨晚到达。Pride goes before a fall. 骄必败。2、代词作主语Who is speaking, please? （在电话中）请问您是谁？ Thats OK. 这没问题。3、数词作主语Two will be enough. 两个就够了。Two-thirds of the workers are women. 三分之二的工人是女工。4、 ing形式（动名词）作主语Skating is good exercise. 溜冰是很好的运动。Looking up all the new words in
2、 the dictionary took him a lot of time.从字典里查所有的生词花费了他许多时间。5、 不定式作主语To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.把理想转变成现实需要辛勤的劳动。6、名词化的形容词作主语The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.在我们国家，盲人和肢残人受到很好的照顾。The unemployed usually lead a hard life.失业的人生活一般很困难。7、短语（词组）作主语How to do we
3、ll is an important question.如何把这件事做好是一个重要问题。Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy.早睡早起身体好。8、从句作主语What has happened proves that our policy is right.发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。Whether well go depends on the weather.我们是否去要看天气。9、副词、介词短语作主语Slowly is exactly how he speaks.Between 8 and 9 will suit me.二、
4、用it 作主语的句子（一）it 作人称代词1、代表刚提到的东西以避免重复Where is my book? - It is on the desk.2、代表抽象的事物It is very kind of you to help me.3、指某种动物Is this your dog? -No, it isnt.4、指未知性别的婴儿What a beautiful baby? -Is it a boy?5、指彼此都知道的东西When did it happen?（二）it 作非人称代词1、指天气It is a fine day.2、指时间It is seven oclock now.3、指距离Ho
5、w far is it from here to Guanzhou?4、指重量It is three jin altogether.5、指环境It is very crowded here in the weekend.（三）it 表示强调强调句型：It is/was who/thatIt was in the park that I met your father.It is you who I want to look for.（四）it 作先行主语(几种句型)1、be + 形容词 + 不定式It is very difficult to finish the job in time.2、
6、be + 名词 + 不定式It is my duty to look after his children.3、be + 介词短语 + 不定式It is beyond me to say why.4、及物动词 + 宾语 + 不定式It takes me three days to finish the task.5、be + 名词 + 动名词It is no use saying too much about it now.6、be + 形容词 + 动名词It is worthwhile reading the novel.7、其他结构It doest matter making some m
7、istakes.It doest make any difference passing the exam.It felt funny dressing like that.（五）it 用于主语从句（常见的几种句型）1Itisapity(ashame,afact,anhonour,awonder,agoodthing,goodnews,nowonderetc.)thatIt is a pity that he cant come.2Itisstrange(natural,surprising,obvious,true,fortunate,good,wonderful,funny,ridicul
8、ous,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,quiteclear,unusual,etc.)thatIt is strange that he should know the answer.3Itseems(happened,thuscameabout,turnedout,suddenlystruckme,occurredtome,etc.)that It seems that he doesnt like this film.4Itissaid(reported,rumoured,announced,arranged,decided,stressed,ex
9、pected,etc.)that It is said that he has been sent to America.5Itisdoubtful(notknown,notdecided,notmadeclear,tobefoundout,tobemadeclear,tobeargued,tobediscussed,tobedecided,beingdiscussed,beingconsidered,aquestion,amystery,debatable,uncertain,opentoquestion,etc.)连接代词或连接副词引导的从句. It is doubtful whether
10、 he will come next week.It was a question whether he should get married.It is not decided who will take part in the game.6.Itdoestmatter(doesntmaketoomuchdifference,doesntseemtomattermuch,doestneedtobebothered,doesntalterthesituation,isoflittleconsequence,doesntaffectus,etc.)连接代词或连接副词引导的从句. It doesn
11、t matter where we will go travelling. It makes no difference whether we go by train or by plane.（六）it 的其他用法1、可表示“是谁（在某处或做某事）Who is that? - Its me.What is that noise? - Its only the dog.2、泛指某件事It is my turn.It doesnt matter.三、主语从句1. 由that引导：That price will go up is certain.That she is stiil alive mak
12、es us very happy.2. 由what引导： Whatyouneedismorepractice.你需要的是更多的练习。WhatIwanttoknowisthis.我想知道的是这一点。WhattheyareattackingisMarxism-Leninismitself.他们所攻击的是马列主义本身。Whatishardistodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.难的是一辈子做好事，不做坏事。Whatlittleshesaidhasleftusmuchtothinkabout.她说的短短几句话很发人深思。 3、由连接代（副）词引导：Whys
13、heshouldhavesaidsuchathingpuzzledhim. Whomweshouldsendasourrepresentativeremainstobediscussed. Whenandwherethistookplaceisstillunknown. Whetherweshouldcallthiskindofsentenceellipticalisopentoquestion. Howsheshouldwordthelettertroubledhergreatly. WhoistotakeXiaoZhousplaceassecretaryisnotyetsettled. W
14、hateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.这里说的话都应当保密。Whatevermeasuresweadoptmustbeinconformitywiththegeneralline.我们采取的任何措施都应符合总路线。Whoeversideswiththerevolutionarypeopleisarevolutionary.什么人站在革命人民方面，他就是革命派。Whoeverfallstoseethiswillmakeabigblunder.谁要是看不到这一点就要犯极大错误。四、there 引导的句子there be.”句型是存在句的常用基本结构，there在句中处于主语位置，起形式主语的作用，真正的主语是随后的名词词组。其谓语动词通常是be的各种时、体等形式。如： There is ice on the lake. 湖上有冰。There were three students in the classroom then. 当时教室有三个学生。There has never been anybody like you. 从来还没有像你这样的人。Th
