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1、名词性从句一. 相关概念1.名词: 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作_、_、_和_。3.名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。名 主语从句( The Subject Clause) 一个句子相当于一个名词在句中作主语。 词 宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 从 表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause) 句 同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause) 判断下列句子属于那种从句：. How the prisone
2、r escaped remains a mystery._. I wonder whether/if he is fit for the job._. The problem is who will be equal to the task._. He had no idea whether we could overcome the present difficulties or not._ . I shall never forget the years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers._ 4.名词性从句的引导词。连接词：t
3、hat , （只起连接作用，不作任何成分，本身没有任何意思）whether, if（只起连接作用，不作任何成分，意思是“是否”）as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”, 只用于表语从句）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever, whom, whomever, whose（起连接作用，作主语，宾语，表语，定语）连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however（起连接作用，作状语）二主语从句I划出下列句子的引导词，并判断他们属于哪一类.1. That
4、he is hardworking is known to us. 2. Whether he will come isnt clear.3. What we need is water. 4. Whoever comes is welcome.5. Who will go makes no difference. 6. Which he will choose is obvious. 7. Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.8. When he will give us a lecture hasnt been decided.9. How he
5、 will go there isnt important. 10. Wherever you are is my home.总结:1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.When will he come is not known. 改正：_但是 what is the matter 和 what is wrong 不可改变语序 2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,起引导作用, 不作任何成分,但不能省略.He will not come to the meeting this evening is true. 改正：_3).whether可以引导主语从句 解释为”是否”,但
6、if不能(若It作形式主语，可用).4).whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能,它们只能引导让步状语从句.II It作为形式主语的主语从句。当一个句子的主语过长时，为了使句子平衡，我们通常使用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在其后。That he is hardworking is known to us.It is known to us that he is hardworking.Whether he will go with us isnt clear. _III 常见的it作
7、形式主语的句型It + be + 形容词 that从句It is necessary/ important / obvious/likely/possible/certain thatEg.It is obvious that you are wrong.It + be + -ed分词 that从句It is believed that 人们相信It is known to us/all that . 众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定It is said that. 据说It + be + 名词 that从句It is common knowledge tha
8、t 是常识It is a surprise/a fact/a pity/no wonder/a shamethat . It + 不及物动词 that从句It appears that 似乎It happens that . 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起IV主语从句中应注意的问题1.一个句子作主语时，主句的谓语动词应为单数。Eg Whether he will come depends on the weather.2. what 引导的句子作主语时，谓语动词的数由句子的内容决定。What I want is money. What we need are go
9、od booksWhat he said is reasonable. What we will do hasnt been decided.3. Where he was born and where he lives now are not clear.Where and when he was born remains a secret.两个或两个以上的主从联合做主语，主句谓语动词应为复数。两个或两个以上的连词引导一个从句，主句谓语动词应为单数。4. Whether he will come isnt clear.(不能换成if)It isnt clear whether he will
10、 come . (可以与if进行替换)V Exercises1_ you have done might do harm to other people.A. That B. What C. Whether D. How2_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter3_ you dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether4_ well go campin
11、g tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where5_ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who三宾语从句I 完成下列练习题1) I dont believe _ he said.2) Sometimes we arent satisfied with _ we have got.3) We paid a visit to _ was our primary school
12、 last week4) Mary said _she wasnt felling well.5) Im not sure _he can do it.6) Im interested in _he will come.7) I dont know _he will choose.8) Im interested in _he was able to escape from the big fire.9) Im thinking about _he met yesterday.10) Were worried about _he is safe. II It作为形式宾语的宾语从句句式：Sb+m
13、ake/believe/think/find/consider/feel+it +adj/n.+that从句Eg. I think it a pity that you didnt pass the exam. I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.III 宾语从句中的否定前移如果宾语从句是由think，believe，imagine，suppose等词引导时，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。Eg I think he wont come here. (False) I dont think he will come here.I dont believe you have finished your work, _?IV. 带how的词组也能引导宾语从句。1 Could you tell us _ it costs to fly to Hainan?2 Could you tell us _ you go abroad for a holiday?3 Could you tell us _the mee
