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1、2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题When gas station manager Roger Randolph realized it was costing him money each time someone filled up with $4-a-gallon gas, he hung a sign on his pumps: “No more credit cards.” He may be the first in West Virginia to ban plastic, but gas station operators nat
2、ionwide are reporting similar woes as higher prices translate into higher credit card fees the managers must pay, squeezing profits at the pump. “The more they buy, the more we lose,” said Randolph, who manages Mr. Eds Chevron in St. Albans. “Gas prices go up, and our profits go down.” His complaint
3、s target the so-called interchange fee, a percentage of the sale price paid to credit card companies on every transaction. The percentage is fixed, usually at just under 2 percent, but the dollar amount of the fee rises with the price of the goods or services. As gas tops $4 a gallon, that pushes fe
4、es toward 10 cents a gallon. Now stations, which typically mark up gasoline by 11 to 12 cents a gallon, are seeing profits shrink or even reverse.In a good month, Randolphs small operation would yield a $60 profit on gasoline sales. But thats been buried as soaring prices forced the station to pay a
5、bout $500 a month in interchange fees. “At these prices, people arent making any money,” said Jeff Lenard, spokesman for the Alexandria, Va.-based National Association of Convenience Stores. “Its brutal.” Lenards group reports convenience stores paid roughly $7.6 billion in credit card fees last yea
6、r, while making $3.4 billion in profits.The credit card companies say fees are just part of the cost of doing business. MasterCard has capped interchange fees for gas purchases of $50 or more, said company spokeswoman Sharon Gamsin. Accepting MasterCard also gives gas stations “increased sales, grea
7、ter security and convenience, lower labor costs, and speed for their customers at the pump,” Gamsin said in an e-mail to The Associated Press. Visa argues that the fees are offset “by the tangible benefits to stations and their customers, such as the ability to pay at the pump,” the company said in
8、a statement to the AP.1. Why do some gas station owners no longer accept credit cards?2.What is the average interchange fee paid by gas station owners?3.How much profit does the average gas station owner make on a gallon of gas?4.Visa believes that allowing customers to pay with a credit card offers
9、（ ）to everyone involved.5. When profits are shrinking, they are（ ）.问题1选项A.They are afraid of outdated cards.B.They prefer the instant gratification of getting cash.C.They are afraid of credit fraud.D.They do not want to pay high credit card fees.问题2选项A.About $4.B.About 2%.C.About $60.D.11 to 12 cent
10、s.问题3选项A.About 2%.B.About $ 4.C.11 to 12 cents.D.About $60.问题4选项A.tangible threatsB.tangible benefitsC.uncertaintyD.inconvenience问题5选项A.decreasingB.holding steadyC.increasingD.undulating【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词 “no longer accept credit cards” 可以定位到文章第一段中 “When gas station mana
11、ger Roger Randolph realized it was costing him money each time someone filed up with $4-a-gallon gas, he hung a sign on his pumps: “No more credit cards.”译为：当加油站经理Roger Randolph发现，在4美元一加仑汽油的情况下，每当有人选择加满时，他都会出现负利润，于是他在加油站挂上了“不支持使用信用卡”的标示，以及 “He may be the first in West Virginia to ban plastic, but ga
12、s station operators nationwide are reporting similar woes as higher prices translate into higher credit card fees the managers must pay, squeezing profits at the pump.”译为：也许他是西弗吉尼亚州第一位禁止使用信用卡的人，但是全国各地加油站经营者都曾指出过汽油价格的上涨意味着需要支付的信用卡费用更多，因此实际上是对加油站利益的一种压榨。由此可以推断出答案选D。2.细节事实题。由题干中关键词 “average interchange
13、 fee”可以定位到文章第一段 “The percentage is fixed, usually at just under 2 percent, but the dollar amount of the fee rises with the price of the goods or services.” 译为：这个比率是固定的，通常不超过2%，但是随着商品和服务价格上涨，这部分费用的总量也会增加。可推断出答案选B。3.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文第一段最后一句 “Now stations, which typically mark up gasoline by 11 to 12 c
14、ents a gallon, are seeing profits shrink or even reverse.” 译为：现在，加油站通常在成本的基础上将每一加仑的汽油加价11-12美分，但是它们的利润正在缩水，甚至出现负利润。由此推断答案选C。4.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文最后一段中Visa argues that the fees are offset “by the tangible benefits to stations and their customers, such as the ability to pay at the pump”，译为：维萨卡方面称，信用卡交换费
15、是可以与其带给加油站和顾客的实实在在的利益相抵消的，例如在加油站的支付能力。由此可推断出答案选B。5.词汇题。根据题干关键词 “shrinking” 定位到文章中第一段最后一句 “Now stations, which typically mark up gasoline by 11 to 12 cents a gallon, are seeing profits shrink or even reverse.”由此可推断出shrink是指利润减少。因此推断出答案选A。2. 单选题When companies do business overseas, they come in contact
16、 with people from different cultures. These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners. （1） .For example, in France, business meetings begin promptly at the designated time and everyone is expected to be there. （2） to cool their heels as a means of letting them k
