《语法讲解及练习—非谓语动词》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《语法讲解及练习—非谓语动词（11页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、第四节 非谓语动词不作谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。英语的非谓语动词有三种形式不定式、分词和 动名词。它们是英语语法学习的重点，也是各类考试中涉及内容较广的，所以应多加注意 现将它们的词性以及句法功能列表如下：非谓语动词词性在句中能充当的成分名词形容词副词主语宾语表语宾补定语状语动名词VVVVV动词不定式VVVVVVVVV分词VVVVVV一、不定式不定式的时态语态变化，以动词write为例，其各种结构如下表:主动语态被动语态一般式to writeto be written进行式to be writing完成式to have writtento have been written完成进行式to ha
2、ve been writing不定式是由“不定式符号to +动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。不定式可作主语、 宾语、表语、宾补、定语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式 短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。高等学校英语应用能力考试主要考查 不定式的被动式（to be done）、完成式（to have done，用来表示不定式的动作发生在谓语 动词之前）和否定式（no tt o do/ not t o have done,注意否定词应置于不定式符号to之前）。例如：He decided to work hard.（不定式的一般形式）He preferred
3、to be given heavier work to do.（不定式的被动形式）I m sorry to have given you so much trouble.（不定式的完成式）Tell him not to shut the window.（不定式的否定形式）He pre tended not to have seen me.（不定式完成式的否定形式）（一）、不定式在句中的作用1. 作主语不定式短语作主语时，往往用it作形式主语。例如：It is right to give up smoking.2. 作表语例如：The important thing is to save liv
4、es.Her dream isto be a singer3. 作宾语例如：I want (point out) to point out that a decision about the matter must be made at once. (08 年 12 月 B 级真题) She deservedto win because she was the best.常考的后面接不定式短语作宾语的动词有afford，agree，aim，ask， choose， decide， demand， expect， fail， hope， wish,intend， long， manage， pr
5、epare， pretend， refuse， tend， want, promise, learn, plan, offer, long等。需要大家平时加以积累并记忆。4. 作宾语补足语1) 下列感官动词和使役动词后接不带to的不定式短语作宾语补足语：一感(feel), 二听(hear, listen to), 三使役(make, let, have), 五看(see, look at, watch, notice, observe)例如：She tried hard, but she still couldn t make us C our mind.A. to change B. cha
6、nged C. change D. changing (06 年 1 月 B 级真题) 但以上动词凡可变成被动结构的，变成被动结构后都必须用带to的动词不定式。let的 被动形式通常用allow/permit/give permission的被动形式。试比较：I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.I let him go.He was allowed/permitted/given permission to go.2) 下列动词可用于“动词 + 宾语 + to be +形容词或名词”结构：belie
7、ve, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge， know, prove, realize, suppose, think 例如：I believe him to be honest.Everybody knows this to be a fact.I judge him to be about fifty.He declared himself to be a member of the club.3) 不定式作宾补用于“动词+宾语+ to do”结构，这种用法是B级考试中最常见的。例如： In o
8、rder to keep a high level of safety, all the staff are required (wear) to wear pro tec tive clo thes. (12 年6月 B 级真题)Readers are not allowed (bring) to bring food and drinks into the library at any time. (09 年 12 月 B 级真题)No reader is allowed (take) to take any reference book out of the reading-room.
9、(09 年 6 月 B 级真题)The course is designed to provide a general introduction to computers and (practice) to practice skills training. (09年 6 月 B 级真题)常考的后面接不定式短语作宾补的动词有allow, ask, cause, expec t, advise, want, enable, drive, forbid, force, inform, invite, get, encourage, order, permit, persuade, recommen
10、d, remind, require, request, send, teach, urge, warn, wish 等。需要大家平时加以积累并记忆。5. 作定语不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，表示将要发生。例如：He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.I will give a speech at the meeting to be held tomorrowI dont trust his promise to come for a visit The conference to take
11、place in Shanghai next month is of great importance.6. 作状语，表示目的、结果、条件或原因例如：She came here to say goodbye to you.（表示目的）She returned only to find that no one was at home.（表示结果）To look at him, You would like him.（表示条件） We were disappointed to hear the news.（表示原因）7. 作独立成分例如：To tell the truth, I don t agr
12、ee with you. 常用的这类短语有：to be frank 坦白地说to be sure 当然、肯定to begin with 首先to be exact 确切地说needless to say 不用说 to say the least 说得轻些&不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, what, how等连用，在句中起名词作用， 可充当主语、表语、宾语等。例如： How to solve the problem is very important.（作主语）My question is when to start. （作表语）I dont know what
13、to do next. （作宾语）I d appreciate it if you could tell me how Bthe machine.A. opera teB. to opera te C. opera ting D. opera ted （11 年 12 月 B 级真题）以下动词后可以接由疑问词引导的不定式短语：decide， know， forget， learn， remember， show， understand， see， wonder， findout， explain, tell 等。注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的
14、不 定式不带 to.例如：Why not have a seat?（二）、不带to的不定式1. 下列感官动词和使役动词后接不带to的不定式短语作宾语补足语：一感（feel）, 二听（hear, listen to）, 三使役（make, let, have）, 五看（see, look at, watch, notice, observe）但以上动词凡可变成被动结构的，变成被动结构后都必须用带to的动词不定式。 试比较：I saw the manenter the bank.The manwas seen to enter the bank.2. 在下列结构的than之后常接不带to的不定式：
15、would rather than;would sooner than;rather than;do nothing than; do （no） more than; do less than 例如：I would rat her go t han st ay.In the course of a day students do far more than just attend classes.3. 在下列结构的but之后常接不带to的不定式：cannotbut; cannot choose but ; cannot help but ; havenothingtodobut（except）; do nothing but（except，besides）例如：She could not help but weep at the sad news.She could do nothing but cry.注意：如果介词but /except/besides之前没有行为动词do的各种形式，那么它后面的不定式要带to.例如：I have no choice but to accept the f
