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1、被动语态复习语态分类英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。一、被动语态的用法：1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。. The window was broken yesterday.2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。.More trees
2、 must be planted every year.3.需要突出或强调动作的承受者。He was badly hurt in the accident yesterday.4 汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao5某些句子习惯上用被动语态。He was born in October, 1988.Note: 1.用于被动语态中的动词是及物动词，不及物动词不能用被动语态.World War II took place in Europe. (right)World War II was taken place in Europ
3、e. (wrong)2.反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态.He taught himself English. (right)Himself was taught English by him. (wrong)二、主动语态变被动语态的方法The teacher often asks him questions. （主动语态）He is asked questions by the teacher. （被动语态）1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语(注意代词的格的转化。2.把主动语态的谓语动词改为 “be + 过去分词”结构；（注意人称，数，时态的一致）。3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语
4、态的by短语。（ by短语可以省。 by短语后跟代词的宾格。）歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him.- He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the
5、factory. -The bikes are made by them in the factory. 注意：1.被动句中的谓语动词的单复数和被动句中的主语一致。2.被动句的时态要和主动句一致。3. (注意主动句中的宾语（的宾格）要变成被动句的主语（的主格）。4.（ by+宾格）其他成分照抄不变。【趁热打铁】1. They play football on Sunday. 2. Lucy does the homework in the evening. 3. They often use computers in class. 4. We make these machines in Be
6、ijing. 常见的六种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. - Rice is grown in the south of the country.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构： was/were +过去分词 They bought ten computers last term-Ten computers were bought by them last term. 3. 一般将来时的被动语态结构：will be+过去分词 They will finish the work in ten days.-
7、 4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should + be+过去分词 Amy can take good care of Gina. - 5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构 : is / am / are + being 过去分词 He is watching TV. - 6. 现在完成时的被动语态的结构: have / has been 过去分词 We have made twenty more keys- 被动语态的几种类型一、带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）常见的接双宾语的动词有: to: pass, give, teach, s
8、how, bring, lend ,tell ,sell for: buy, draw, sing, get, choose, cook以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for.1. He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. （以I做主语） A book was given to me by Tom. （以物book作主语）2. He teaches us English. We are taught English by him. （以人当主语） English is taught to
9、us by him. （以物作主语）将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。He showed us a picture . 将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.A picture was shown to us by Tom. 二、感官动词和使役动词的被动语态即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须加to. 1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday. He was s
10、een to play basketball last Sunday .2.We heard them sing in the classroom. They was heard to sing in the classroom.【挑战中考】一把下列句子变为被动句1. The boss made the little boy do heavy work. 2. We saw him play football on the playground 3. The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 二单项选择（ ）1.The Chinese food
11、_ to be the healthiest in the world. A. considers B. is considering C. is considered D. has considered（ ）2.John _ , for he went swimming yesterday without permission. A.would punished B. had punished C. punished D. was punished（ ）3.With the help of the Hope Project, more and more new schools _ in the poor area. A. built B. have built C. have been built D. have been building（ ）4.The programs _ easily if you use a short wave radio.（短波收音机） A. can pick up B. pick up C. picked up D. can be picked up三 汉译英：这本书是鲁迅写的。 。1
