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1、2022年考博英语-湘潭大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such
2、students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit lore of them. This has created a paradox in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education h
3、as continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesti
4、ng that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study invo
5、lving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial
6、need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowl
7、edge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn t
8、he rules of the game, and take advantage of college resources, they write. And this becomes more of a problem when colleges dont talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect stude
9、nts educational experience, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve.1.Recruiting more first-generation students has（ ）.2.The author of the paper believes that first-generation students（ ）.3.We may infer from t
10、he last paragraph that（ ）.问题1选项A.reduced their dropout ratesB.narrowed the achievement gapC.missed its original purposeD.depressed college students问题2选项A.are actually indifferent to the achievement gapB.can have a potential influence on other studentsC.may lack opportunities to apply for research pr
11、ojectsD.are inexperienced in handling their issues at college问题3选项A.universities often reject the culture of the middle-classB.students are usually to blame for their lack of resourcesC.social class greatly helps enrich educational experiencesD.colleges are partly responsible for the problem in ques
12、tion【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问招募更多第一代大学生己经如何？根据文章第一段“This has created a paradox in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close achievement gap based on social class. 这就产生了
13、一个“悖论”，即招收第一代学生，但却眼睁睁地看着他们中的许多人失败，这意味着高等教育“继续繁衍和扩大，而不是缩小”基于社会阶层的成就差距，所以这是一种自相矛盾的事”。确定C选项能达到其最初的目的正确。2.细节事实题。题目提问本文作者认为第一代学生如何？根据第四段第一句“.first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.第一代大学生缺少
14、的不是潜力，而是在处理大多数大学生面对的问题时的实际的常识。”确定D选项“在大学里没有处理问题的经验”正确。3.推理判断题。题目提问最后一段中可以推断什么？根据最后一段最后一句“Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational experience, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understan
15、d how students like them can improve. 因为美国的学院和大学很少承认社会阶层是如何影响学生的教育经历的，所以许多第一代学生缺乏对他们为什么会挣扎的洞察力，也不知道像他们这样的学生如何才能进步。”可以推知D选项“学校应该为目前的问题承担部分责任”正确。2. 单选题There are, as yet, no vegetation types or ecosystems whose study has been（ ）to the extent that they no longer（ ）ecologists.问题1选项A.perfected; hinderB.ex
16、hausted; interestC.prolonged; requireD.prevented; challenge【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。先看第一空，perfect “使完美（完善）”；exhaust “耗尽，排出”；prolong “延长，拖延”； prevent “阻止，妨碍”依据关键词study和表示程度的to the extent以及整个句子的意思迄今为止，还没有任何植物类型或生态系统，人们对它们的研宄能达到如此详尽无遗的地步，以至于它不再能够引起生态学家的兴趣可以推断出此处应该填“exhausted”；再看第二次，hinder “阻碍，妨碍”；interest “使感兴趣，使关心
