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1、2009届高三英语语法复习教案之状语从句（带07-08年高考真题）一状语从句的定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句一般分为九大类时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句二状语从句的分类：1时间状语从句： 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从
2、句之间的时间关系，又可分类如下：（1）表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。其连词有：when （当的时候）, while（当的时候）, as（当的时候）, once（一旦）as soon as（一就）, the time（当的时刻）, the moment（当的时刻）, by the time（到时候为止）, next time(下次), the first time(第一次的时候), the last time(上次的时候)，immediately（一就）, instantly（一就）,directly（一就）以下关联词引起的句子中，前面常用过去完成时，后面用一般过去时ha
3、rdly /scarcelywhen（刚就）, no soonerthan（刚就） Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while含有对比的意思）我洗地板的时候，你可以擦窗户。As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的时候遇到了我的一位老同学。Ill ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.我一有他的答复就给
4、你打电话。Once you see him, you will never forget him. 你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. 我们一到乡下就开始下雨了。= We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he come home than she started complaining. 他一到家她就开始抱怨。= He had no sooner come home than she
5、 started complaining.He made for the door directly he heard the knock. 他一听到敲门声就向门口走去。She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一听到声音就冲进房间He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他刚到达那里就生起病来。He
6、 had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他还没说完就有人起来反驳他的论点She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.她刚要睡着，忽然敲门的声音把她惊醒。 as、when、while用法一览表类别作 用例 句asas表示“当的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。如果从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时，则多用as，可译为“一边.，一边.”She ca
7、me up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)He looked behind from to time as he went.他一边走，一边不时地往后看。As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”
8、发生时，多用when（=after）, 不用as或while。此外，when还含有“at that moment”的意思（= and then），引起的句子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while来替换。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我们正在看电视，这时灯突然灭了。They had just arrived home
9、 when it began torain.他们刚到家，这时天就开始下雨了。whilewhile意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。当主从句之间表示转折或对比关系时，多用while, 不用as或whenPlease dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或wh
10、en不可，这里的while意思是“趁”)She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter.她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。（2）表示先时或后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后。主要连词有：after（在之后，before（在之前）, when(=after)等。如：After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons. 孩子睡觉了以后她开始
11、备课。（从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，所以从句用了过去完成时）He had learned English for three years before he went to London. 他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。（主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，所以主句用了过去完成时） 常用句型：It is/was/will be before 要过多久才It will be another five days before we finish this task. 还要再过5天我们才能完成这个任务。It isnt/ wasnt/wont be before 没有过多久就It was not lon
12、g before I forgot it all. 我没有过多久就全忘了。He ran off before I could stop him.（主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，时态一致）我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意before在汉语中的译义)（3）表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。主要连词有every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候他们就来帮我们Each time h
13、e came to town he would visit our school.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。(4）表示持续性或瞬间性主要连词有：since（自从）,ever since（自从）,until（直到才/为止,till（直到才/为止）常用句型: It is /wassince It is just a week since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚刚一星期。(主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用ever since)You have been r
14、eading to me ever since James went out. 自从James走后你一直在给我朗读。(ever 放在since之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长)The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.( ever since可以放在句末， since则不能)这只一向日夜不停打点报时的大钟在战争中损坏了，从此就一直不响了。My uncle went to Tibet in
15、1951. He has been living there ever since.我叔叔于1951年去了西藏，从那以后他一直生活在那里。Things went well until / till one night an accident happened.事情一切正常直到一天晚上发生意外I knew nothing about it until / till he told me. 他告诉我了我才知道。until与till及 notuntil / till的用法until和till都可表示“直到为止”，与持续性动词的肯定式连用。如：He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我们吃完饭。当until和till表示“直到才”时，通常与短暂动词的否定式连用，这时，until和till也可用before代替。如：I didnt leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回来，我才离开的。be动词的肯定式和否定式都可以和until或till连用。until引导
