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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 填空题Meteorologists describe the air primarily in terms of its composition, temperature, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, precipitation, and _. (humid)【答案】humidity【解析】【考查点】名词。【解题思路】根据关键词and，可知precipitation和横线所在内容为并列结构，应该和precipitation一样为名词，humidity“（空气中的）湿
2、度”符合语境，指的是湿度是描述空气的元素之一。【句意】气象学家主要根据空气的组成、温度、压力、风速、风向、降雨量和湿度来描述空气。2. 填空题While Mexicos overall economic _ showed an increase in foreign trade after the institution of NAFTA, real wages continued to fall throughout the country and poverty rates remained constant. (indicate)【答案】indicators【解析】【考查点】名词。【解题
3、思路】showed是句子的谓语动词，Mexicos overall economic _是句子的主语，economic为形容词，所以横线所在内容应为名词；economic indicators的意思为“经济指标”，符合语境。【句意】虽然墨西哥的总体经济指标显示，在北美自由贸易协定建立后，对外贸易有所增长，但全国各地的实际工资继续下降，贫困率保持不变。3. 单选题Had spring ever been gentle, so endearing before? Had every little scene, every shop window, every face he passed ever
4、 been so wonderfully interesting?问题1选项A.attractiveB.favorableC.inspiringD.peaceful【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. attractive 吸引人的，令人愉快的 B. favorable 给人好印象的（有好感）C. inspiring 鼓舞人心的，激励的，启发灵感的 D. peaceful 安静的，平静的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】endearing的意思为“惹人喜爱的，讨人喜欢的”，这里问春天是否曾经惹人喜爱，让人不自觉地被他吸引，attractive与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】
5、B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】春天曾经如此惹人喜爱吗？他走过的每一处、每一个商店橱窗、每一张面孔，都曾经是那么奇妙而有趣吗？4. 单选题Despite the recession in Brazil, many job hunters are taking their last savings and investing in English lessons because so many _ employers want workers with a knowledge of English.问题1选项A.prevalentB.proficientC.prospectiveD.prom
6、inent【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. prevalent 普遍存在的，盛行的 B. proficient 熟练的，娴熟的，精通的C. prospective可能的，潜在的 D. prominent 著名的，杰出的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词job hunters，可知这些求职者学英语是为了找工作，雇主是谁还没有确定，prospective符合语境，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合语境。【句意】尽管巴西经济衰退，许多求职者还是把最后的积蓄花在了英语课程上，因为很多潜在雇主都想要会英语的员工。5. 单选题Vince Cables decision
7、 not to come to Oxford because of a peaceful protest is one of the most cowardly acts by a British politician in living memory.问题1选项A.sensibleB.effectiveC.fearfulD.cautious【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. sensible 明智的，理智的 B. effective 有效的C. fearful 惧怕的，胆怯的，担心的 D. cautious 小心的，谨慎的（谨慎说话和行事，尤其是为了避免危险或错误）【答案】C【考查点】形容词
8、辨析。【解题思路】cowardly的意思为“胆小的，怯懦的”，指的是因为和平示威而决定不去牛津大学是懦弱的行为，fearful与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】文斯凯布尔因为和平示威而决定不去牛津大学，这是人们记忆中英国政治家最懦弱的行为之一。6. 单选题This website provides information and latest news about the latest gadgets with all its uniqueness and shortcomings.问题1选项A.devicesB.advancesC.operati
9、onsD.spheres【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. devices 装置，器具，设备 B. advances 进步，进展C. operations 手术 D. spheres 球体，球形【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】gadgets的意思为“小器具，小装置”，devices与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】本网站提供有关最新产品的资讯和最新消息，并介绍其独特之处和不足之处。7. 单选题Investigators of monkeys social behavior have always been struck by monkey
10、s aggressive potential and the consequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior. Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms that control it, were therefore among the first investigations of monkeys social beha
11、vior.Investigators initially believed that monkeys would compete for any resource in the environment: hungry monkeys would fight over food, thirsty monkeys would fight over water, and, in general, at time more than one monkey in a group sought the same incentive simultaneously, a dispute would resul
12、t and would be resolved through some form of aggression. However, the motivating force of competition for incentives began to be doubted when experiments like Southwicks on the reduction of space or the withholding, of food failed to produce more than temporary increases in intergroup aggression. In
13、deed, food deprivation not only failed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted in decreased frequencies of aggression.Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme food deprivation likewise revealed that starving monkeys devoted almost all available energy to foraging
14、, with little energy remaining for aggressive interaction. Furthermore, accumulating evidence from later studies of a variety of primate groups, for example, the study conducted by Bernstein, indicates that one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder in
15、to an organized group. Such introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition.These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because, in the absence of a social order, one must be established to control interanimal relationships. When a single new animal is introduced into an existing soc
