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1、初中英语被动语态专项讲解一、语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者（或执行者）eg：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。eg：Chineseis spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“_”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过_的变化表现出来的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。)各
2、种时态的被动语态构成：1.一般现在时：amisare及物动词的过去分词Eg：Im asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world2.一般过去时：waswere及物动词的过去分词 用动词 show 的被动语态填空1) . I know a new film_ at the cinema every week2) . I know a new film _ at the cinema last week3) . I know a new film _ at the cinema these days4) . I
3、 know a new film _ at the cinema at eight last night5). I know a new film _ at the cinema recently6). I know a new film _ at the cinema in two day7) . I know a new film_ at the cinema by the end of lastweek week Eg：This house was built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident.3.一般将来时：willshall be及
4、物动词的过去分词Eg：More factories will be built in our city. He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 4.现在进行时：amisare being及物动词的过去分词.Eg：A road is being built around the mountain. Many new houses are being built in this city5.过去进行时：was/were being及物动词的过去分词 Eg：The meeting was being held when I was there. We were
5、 being trained this time last year. 6.现在完成时：havehas been及物动词的过去分词Eg：His book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词Eg：A new school had been set up by the end of last year. 8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Eg：The rubb
6、ish can be put into the dustbin over there.三、主动语态变被动语态的方法：1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。He plant trees in spring .Trees are planted by him in spring.主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。All the people laughed at h
7、im. He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him. 注意：1). 间接宾语前需要加for的动词，buy ,sing ,catch ,find ,get,drw ,cook ,keep ,make，offer 等。2).间接宾语前需要加to的动词，bring ,give ,pass ,hand ,leave ,show ,writ
8、e ,take ,teach ,tell ,thow ,lend,send ,return等3). 如果复合宾语是由“宾语+不带to的动词不定式”构成，变为被动语态时，动词不定式前的to要补出来。常见的这类动词有：一感（feel），二听（hear，listen to ）三让（let ,make ,have ）四看（watch ,see ,notice ,observe,+look at ）但动词为let时，to仍可省略。Eg:1.The story made us laugh . We were made to laugh by the story. 2.The teacher let the
9、 little boy go home . The little boy was let (to) go home .4). 短语动词的被动语态：一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但许多“不及物动词+副词或介词”构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态，但变被动语态后，不可把介词或副词漏掉。Eg：1.He turned on the radio just now. The radio was turned on just now .2.They take good care of the babies . The babies are taken care of.3.The look
10、 after the babies . The babies are looked after .5). 宾语从句主动变被动，有两种改写方法：.用it做被动语态的形式主语，宾语从句保持不变. 宾语从句被动语态常用特殊句式：It is said that（据说），It is reported that （据报道），It is well known that （众所周知 ）It is supposed that（据推测说 ） ，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested th
11、at据建议等等。eg:1.It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.据说她要嫁给一个外国人。 2.It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）.将从句的主语改为被动语态的主语，从句的谓语部分变为不定式。这时的动词不定式所用的形式要与原来的宾语从句保持一致。Eg：They say that our teacher is busy these days . I
12、t is said that our teacher is busy these days.Our teacher is said to be busy these days.6).如果原句宾语有后置定语修饰，变为被动语态时，应把后置修饰语随同宾语一同提前。Eg：we clean the windows of our classroom every day . The windows of our classroom are cleaned every day.7).by短语的取舍：当主动句中是who ，what ，which等做主语，变被动语态后句首的疑问词在句 中的成分由原来的主语变为介词
13、by的宾语，应注意介词by不能丢。Eg：who wrote the book ? who was the book written by ?四可与被动语态连用的介词在被动语态的句子中，常用介词by引出动作的发出者，实际上同被动语态连用的介词除by以外还有很多。1.表示谓语动词的动作是为谁或为何目的而发生的要用介词for。(be used for sth /doing sth 被用于被用于做)Eg:1.This new bike was bought for you . 2.Stamps are used for sending letters .2.表示动作发出者所使用的工具或强调状态时应用介
14、词withEg：1.The trees were cut down with a knife . 2.The bottle is filled with orange .3.表示“被作为(发生)”应用介词as （be used as 被作为使用）Eg：English is used as a first language in Canada.4.在be well-known 后应用介词to，表示“被所熟知”Eg：The Great Wall is well-known to everyone in the world .5.在be made 后可用多个介词表示不同的意义1).be made in 表示“在某地制造”Eg：This Tv set is made in shanghai .2).be made of 和be made from 都可以表示“由制成的”，但be made of 强调从制成品上可以看出原材料， be made from则表示从制成品上看不出原材料。Eg：1.This table is made of wood . 2.This kind of paper is made from wood.3).be m
