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1、2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The old king（ ）. They are making a new king.问题1选项A.was believed to be killedB.is believed being killedC.is believed having been killedD.is believed to have been killed【答案】D【解析】考查语法。由第二句“他们正在选举一位新国王”可知，之前的国王被认为已经杀害了，故用现在完成时的被动，再结合be believed to “被认为”可知D项正确。句意：他们认
2、为之前的国王已经被杀害了，他们正在选举一位新国王。2. 翻译题Humans are the only surviving hominin（人亚科原人）species and are distinct from other hominin species in our unique combination of complex material culture, social behavior, bodily characteristics, and intelligence. We will here refer only to anatomically modern humans or Ho
3、mo sapiens as “humans.” These are people we would call “people” if we were to stand eye-to-eye with one of them. To put it another way, if we traveled back in a time machine to 200,000 years ago we would probably recognize the upright walking beings as human beings (even though they probably did not
4、 yet use language or symbolism like we do), but there is no guarantee that we would connect the same way with anything living before that, not necessarily even with Neanderthals who lived side by side with some human populations until 30,000 years ago. Although some scientists refer to everything wi
5、thin the human genus (Homo) as “humans,” we will reserve that title for ourselves only.【答案】人类是唯一幸存的古人类（人亚科原人）物种，与其他古人类物种不同的是，我们独特地结合了复杂的物质文化、社会行为、身体特征和智力。我们在这里只将解剖学上的现代人或智人称为“人类”。如果我们和他们中的一个面对面站着，我们就会称他们为“人”。换句话说,如果我们乘坐时光机回到200000年前我们可能会认识到作为人类直立行走的人(尽管他们可能还不像我们使用语言或象征意义) ，但不能保证我们会以同样的方式与之前的任何生物联系在一
6、起，甚至不一定是与尼安德特人，他们直到3万年前还与一些人类生活在一起。虽然有些科学家把人类属(人)的一切都称为“人类”，但我们只把这个头衔留给我们自己。3. 单选题According to recent U.S. Statistics Yearbook, Americans spends 16 billion a year on credit cards and there are already 590 million in（ ）.问题1选项A.preparationB.communicationC.administrationD.circulation【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。pre
7、paration“预备，准备”；communication“交流，沟通”；administration“管理”；circulation“流通，传播，发行量”。句意：根据最近的美国统计年鉴，美国人每年花在信用卡上的钱达到160亿美元，目前已有5.9亿张信用卡在流通中。in circulation “在流通中”为固定搭配。故D项符合题意。4. 单选题It is through learning that the individual_ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acqu
8、ires【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. retains保持 B. gains获得C. achieves达到；实现 D. acquires获得；取得【考察点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】B、C、D三个选项都有“获得，实现”的意思。of reacting to situations做habitual ways的后置定语。句意为获得对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。acquire指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。这里与habitual ways相符合。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项retain在这里不符合句子逻辑；B选项gain指获得，赢得，经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益；C选项achieve
9、得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。以上选项均不能和habitual ways搭配。【句意】正是通过学习，个人获得了对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。5. 单选题If you keep on overworking yourself, your health will（ ）.问题1选项A.degenerateB.deteriorateC.degradeD.deform【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。degenerate“使退化，恶化，堕落”；deteriorate “恶化”；degrade“贬低，使丢脸”；deform“使变形，使成畸形”。句意：如果你继续过度工作，你的健康状况会变坏。B项
10、符合题意。6. 翻译题The express way is not only a bridge leading a country into modernization, but also an essential condition for the development of modern transportation. In recent years, Chinas express ways have experienced a flourishing development, with a total mileage of 96,000 kilometers by 2012, rank
11、ing the second in the world. The total mileage will reach 108,000 kilometers after the construction of the national express way network is completed. By then, over 90% of the cities with an urban population of more than 200,000 will have been covered. Express ways create new development opportunitie
12、s and space for road transportation, adding vitality to the economic take-off along the way. Nowadays, it has become one of the most important factors in driving the domestic demand and fuelling the rapid development of economy.【答案】高速公路是一个国家走向现代化的桥梁，也是发展现代交通业的必要条件。近几年，中国高速公路蓬勃发展，截止到2012年，中国高速公路的总里程已
13、经达到9.6万公里，位居世界第二。国家高速公路网建成后，通车里程将达10.8万公里，届时将覆盖超过90%的拥有20万以上城镇人口的城市。高速公路为道路运输创造了新的发展机遇和空间，也为沿线的经济腾飞增添了活力。现在，它已成为拉动内需、促进经济快速发展的重要因素之一。7. 单选题They asked us to come to their party but we（ ）the invitation.问题1选项A.rejectedB.refusedC.declinedD.spurn【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。reject“拒绝，指断然拒绝接受某人，某物”；refuse“拒绝，回绝”；decli
14、ne“拒绝，通常指有礼貌地婉拒”；spurn“藐视，唾弃”。句意：他们邀请我们去参加他们的聚会，但是我们婉拒了。由题干语境可知拒绝参加聚会应该是婉言拒绝。故C项正确。8. 单选题（ ）can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.问题1选项A.EverybodyB.AnybodyC.SomebodyD.Nobody【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。nobody can help but“情不自禁”，相当于everybody cant help but. 句意：大家都情不自
15、禁地被他科幻小说所代入的世界所吸引。故D项正确。9. 单选题The sun is not growing weaker, yet its light appears to be dimming. Between 1960 and 1990, some scientists believe, the amount of solar radiation reaching Earths surface may have declined as much as 10%and in some places, Hong Kong, for example, more than 35%.What was going on? Well, it appears that increased air pollution during those 30 yearsover Asia, in particularwith the help, perhaps, of some increased cloudiness, may have exerted a coolin
