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1、2022年考博英语-湘潭大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题On that cultural and biological influences（ ）determine cross-cultural diversity is discredited by the fact that in countless aspects of human existence, it is cultural programming that overwhelmingly accounts for cross-population variance.问题1选项A.completelyB.equall
2、yC.directlyD.jointly【答案】B【解析】副词辨析。A选项 “完全地，彻底地”； B 选项“相等地，同等地”； C选项“直接地；坦率地”； D选项 “联合地，共同地”，根据句意文化和生物的影响相同程度地决定了跨文化的多样性，这个观念被另外的一个事实粉碎，即在人类存在的无数方面，文化的因素压倒一切地解释了群体之间的差异确定B选项正确。2. 单选题While many people utilize homeopathic remedies to treat health problems, other people do not（ ）such alternative treatme
3、nts, （ ）conventional medical treatmentsinstead.问题1选项A.distrust.employingB.embrace. eschewingC.countenance.relying onD.recommend.turning from【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项distrust “不信任，怀疑”；employ “雇佣”；B选项embrace “拥 抱”；eschew “避开”；C选项countenance “赞成”；rely on “ 依靠，依赖”；D选项recommend “推荐”； turn from “对感到厌恶”。根据句意当很多人使
4、用顺势疗法来治疗健康问题时，其他人并不赞成这样的治疗方法，而是更信赖传统的药物治疗。C选项正确。3. 单选题It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. Y
5、ou either have science or you dont and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits. The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about th
6、e nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in this way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed that the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way
7、 ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to be the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories t
8、o fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are; and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorance, worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end
9、 of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be quest
10、ions we cant think up, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.1.According to the author, really good science（ ）.2.It can be inferred
11、 from the passage that scientists of the 18th century（ ）.3.Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?4.What is the authors attitude towards science?问题1选项A.would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment.B.will produce results which cannot be fo
12、reseenC.will help people to make the right choice in advanceD.will bring about disturbing results问题2选项A.thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problem of scienceB.were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC.knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more
13、about natureD.did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature问题3选项A.They invented false theories to explain thing they didnt understand.B.They falsely claimed to know all about nature.C.They did not believe in results from scientific observation.D.They paid little attention to the
14、problems they didnt understand.问题4选项A.He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.B.He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.C.He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.D.He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific
15、findings.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一句 “It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict.”指出科学是很难预测的，如果真是科学，也就不可能去预测。文中的predict对应于选项B中的foreseen，所以选项B正确。2.推理判断题。根据文章中的“It would have amazed that the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead.” “如果18世纪的科学家们被告知我们人类对世界几乎是一无所知的，那么他们将会非常震惊”可推断出18世纪的科学家并不认为自己对世界一无所知，所以A选项认为他们知道很多，可以解决大多数科学问题正确， C选项与A选项表述相反，错误。B选项 “不敢面对科学研究的事实”和D 选项“在人类对自
