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1、分类号 TQ339 学校编号 10490 UDC 密级 武汉工程大学 硕士学位论文 题目: 生物柴油的连续化制备 学科专业： 化学工艺研究方向： 生物质能源研 究 生： 马家玉指导教师： 王存文 教授王为国 副教授 二 0 0 八 年 四 月 独 创 性 声 明 本人声明所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知，除文中已经标明引用的月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解我校有关保存、使用学位论文的规定，即：我校有权保存并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅。本人授权武汉工程大学研究生处可以将本学位论文的全部或局部密 ， 在
2、 本论文属于不保密。请在以上方框 指导教师签名：年 月 日 年 月 日 A Thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree of Master of Engineering Continuous Preparation of Biodiesel Major : Chemical TechnologyCandidate : Ma JiayuSupervisor :Professor Wang cunwenAssociate Professor Wang weiguo Wuhan Institute of Tech
3、nologyWuhan, 430074, Hubei, ChinaApril, 2021 摘 要摘 要生物柴油是一种新的生物质可再生能源，具有深远的经济效益与社会效益。目前国内外生产生物柴油主要采用间歇搅拌釜式反响器，并形成了一套较为成熟的工艺,但单位体积反响器内生产效率低。本论文采用管式反响器和逆流塔式反响器替代搅拌釜式反响器，以到达降低本钱的目的。1甲醇与植物油的混合状况对生物柴油的制备有重大影响，研究了填料对甲醇植物油混合状况的影响，实验结果说明：填料的参加，促进了甲醇植物油的混合。2以KOH为催化剂，用食用大豆油为原料，在管式反响器中进行了生物柴油的连续化制备，研究了在不同的反响温度及
4、停留时间下，填料对生物柴油收率的影响。实验说明：填料的参加，极大地提高了生物柴油的收率。3自行设计了用于生物柴油连续化制备的塔式反响器，实现了油相与醇相在反响器内逆流接触。并以浓H2SO4为催化剂，棉籽油毛油为原料 ，在逆流塔式反响器中进行了生物柴油的连续化制备，考察了实验装置的稳定性和反响温度、停留时间、醇油摩尔比、催化剂的用量、塔板数对生物柴油收率的影响，得出了适宜的反响条件。结果说明：反响初始物料醇油摩尔比越低，停留时间越短,越容易到达稳态；塔板数越多，生物柴油收率越高；醇油摩尔比6:1，温度70，催化剂的用量为油品质量的7%，停留时间6h是酸催化的适宜反响条件，此时生物柴油的收率为93
5、.7%。在同一实验条件下，对逆流塔式反响器与间歇搅拌釜式反响器进行了比照，实验结果显示了逆流塔式反响器的优越性。4以NaOH为催化剂，在自制的塔式反响器中进行了生物柴油的连续化制备，考察了反响温度、停留时间、醇油摩尔比、催化剂的用量、甲醇含水量对生物柴油收率的影响，得出了适宜的反响条件。实验结果说明：工业甲醇经简单预处理后，与分析甲醇反响效果相近；醇油摩尔比7:1，温度65，催化剂的用量为油品质量的1.2%，停留时间3h是碱催化的适宜反响条件，在该条件下，生物柴油的收率为88.4%。I武汉工程大学硕士学位论文 关键词：生物柴油；填料；混合状况；逆流塔式反响器；连续化操作；酯交换反响 II摘 要
6、 IIIAbstractAbstractBiodiesel is a novel renewable biomass energy, which can bring great economic and social benefits. Although the present technique of biodiesel production using batch reactors is mature, but its efficiency is low. The tubular reactor and countercurrent tower reactor, which can red
7、uce the manufacturing cost, are adopted to substitute BSTR. The present work is summarized as follows:(1) The mixing state of methanol to vegetable oil has great influence on preparation of the biodiesel. In this dissertation, an experimental research on effects of packing on the mixing process of m
8、ethanol to vegetable oil was conducted. The experimental results showed that the joining of the packing dramatically promoted two-phase mixing.(2) A study was made of the reaction of trans-esterification of edible soybean oil by means of methanol, using KOH as catalysts in a tubular reactor. The eff
9、ects of reaction temperature, resident time and packing on the yield of biodiesel were studied. The experimental results showed that the joining of the packing greatly promoted the yield of biodiesel.(3) A countercurrent tower reactor in order to realize continuous preparation of biodiesel was desig
10、ned, and the countercurrent contact between methanol phase and vegetable oil phase in the countercurrent tower reactor was realized. And biodiesel was prepared by transesterification from vulgar cottonseed oil and methanol, using H2SO4 as catalysts. The stability of experiment plant and the effect o
11、f methanol to oil molar ratio, temperature, column plates, resident time and catalyst dosage upon the yield of biodiesel were studied systematically. It was found that when methanol to oil molar ratio was lower and the resident time was short, the steady state could be established more quickly. More
12、 column plates could promote the yield of biodiesel. The highest yield was 93.7% achieved at 70 andV武汉工程大学硕士学位论文resident time 6h and 7% H2SO4 (w%) of oil and methanol to oil molar ratio at 6:1. In addition, a comparison between the countercurrent tower reactor and the batch reactor was carried out u
13、nder the same condition and the results revealed the superiority of countercurrent tower reactor.(4) A study was made of the reaction of transesterification of vulgar cottonseed oil by means of methanol, using NaOH as catalysts in a self-made reactor. The effects of methanol to oil molar ratio, temp
14、erature, industrial grade methanol, resident time and catalyst dosage upon the yield of biodiesel were studied systematically. The results showed that the effect of the simple pretreatment of industrial methanol was close with analysing methanol. The highest yield was 88.4% at 65, resident time of 3
15、h and1.2% NaOH (w%) of oil and methanol to oil molar ratio at 7:1.Countercurrent tower reactor was firstly used in the transesterification system. This new technique is supposed to be adopted in further research and application. Keywords: biodiesel; packing; mixing state; countercurrent tower reactor;transesterification; continuous operation. VI目 录目 录摘 要 .
