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1、2022年考博英语-重庆大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 填空题We use language primarily as a means of communication with other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which 1 we live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing 2 conventions as to the way in which words should be arranged to 3 convey a pa
2、rticular message: the English speaker has in his disposal 4 a vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules which enables him to 5 communicate his thoughts and feelings, in a variety of style, to other English speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses actively and that which he re
3、cognizes, increases in 6 size as he grows old, as a result of education and experience.But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system remains no more than a psychological reality for the individual, 7 unless he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by anothe
4、r member of his linguistic community; he has to give the system a concrete 8 transmission form. We take it for granted the two most common forms of transmission by means of sounds produced by our vocal organs 9 (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 10 among most striking of human achi
5、evements.【答案】1.agreeing改为agreed2.words改为these/those words3.in改为at4.enables改为enable5.style改为styles6.old改为older7.seen改为understood8.删除it9.And改为However10.most striking改为the most striking【解析】1.语法题。根据句子结构可知，agreeing作前置定语修饰conventions，agree和conventions之间存在被动关系，所以要用agree的过去分词形式agreed “一致的，同意的”。Agreed conven
6、tions “一致的惯例” 。2.语法题。根据上文的a store of words，可知下文再次提及words，应该添加指示代词表特指。又因为words为复数，所以选用指示代词these或者those。3.固定搭配。根据固定搭配at one s disposal “由支配”，所以in his disposal介词搭配错误。4.语法题。根据句子结构，可知which引导的定语从句，先行词为a vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules，为复数，所以定语从句中的谓语动词不能用第三人称单数形式。5.语法题。根据a variety of “各种各样的”，用来修饰
7、名词的复数形式。这里要用名词style的复数形式。6.语法题。根据句意，“特别是他的词汇量，无论是经常使用的还是他认识的，随着年龄的增长，由于教育和使用经验，词汇量也会增加”。可知这里的old应该用比较级的形式。7.上下文语义。根据句意“除非他能够运用一种能够被语言社区中的其他成员所理解的表达方式”，所以这里要表达的意思是“理解”，而不是seen “被看到”。8.固定搭配。根据固定搭配take sth. for granted “认为某事是理所当然的”。根据下文提到的the two most common forms of transmission “两种最常见的交流方式”，可知文章要表达的意
8、思是“认为这两种最常见的交流方式是理所当然的”，所以这里的it为多余的代词。9.上下文逻辑关系。上文提到 We take for granted the two most common forms of transmission，“我们认为这两种最常见的交流方式是理所当然的”，下文提到these are among most striking of human achievements, “这是人类最显著的成就之一”。可知前后两句存在转折关系，而不是并列关系。所以并列连词误用，应改为转折连词。10.语法题。文中most striking应该要表达的意思为“最显著的”，为形容词的最高级形式。形容
9、词的最高级前面应该加上定冠词the，为英语的习惯用法和表达。2. 写作题Directions: For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the following topic On Paying back student Loans. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.1. 现今，在高校通过助学贷款完成学业的学生越来越多。2. 但是有些学生毕业后没有能力或拒绝按
10、时还贷。3. 你认为贷款的学生应如何对待还贷问题。【答案】略3. 填空题Scientists have discovered that addictions may be（1）. A team from Britains University of Cambridge found that（2）of drug addicts share the same brain abnormalities as their drug（3）brothers and sisters. The research team said these abnormal brain structures are link
11、ed to（4） self-control and drug dependence. The researchers suggest that addiction is in some ways a “（5）of the brain”. This may provide important new ways into helping people with problems of self-control when it（6） to addictions. The study sought to find out if drugs changed the “（7）” of the brain
12、or whether the brains of drug addicts were wired differently from（8）.Lead researcher Dr Karen Ersche told the BBC: “It has（9）been known that not everyone who（10）drugs becomes addicted.” She continued: “It shows that drug addiction is not a（11）of lifestyle, it is a disorder of the brain and we need t
13、o recognize this. These brothers and sisters who dont have addiction problems, what they can tell us is how they（12）these problems, how they manage self-control in their（13）life.” Dr Ersche and her colleagues studied 50（14）of siblings, one with a history of drug addiction and one with no（15）of takin
14、g drugs. She compared these with 50 healthy people. She concluded: “We need to find out how these non-addicted siblings were able to resist using drugs.”【答案】es7.wiring8.birth9.long10.take11.choice12.overcome13.daily14.pairs15.experience【解析】1.上下文语义。根据下文 “share the same brain abnormalities as brothers
15、 and sisters.”，可知和他们的兄弟姐妹存在同样的异常情况，可判断出这种吸毒成瘾是与遗传相关的。故填入hereditary。2.上下文语义。根据上文可知，吸毒成瘾与遗传有关，并且下文提到 “brothers and sisters”，可判断出填入的答案与兄弟姐妹相关。故填入siblings。3.上下文语义。根据上文siblings of drug addicts，这里表达“吸毒成瘾的兄弟姐妹”，可知此处对应下文空格中的drug- （ ）brothers and sisters，故填入using，drug-using “吸食毒品的”。4.上下文语义。根据下文drug dependence “毒品依赖”，可知空格应该表达“较弱的自控力”。句意：这些异常的大脑结构与差的自控能力和药物依赖有关。故填入poor。5.上下文语义。根据文章第二段，“it is a disorder of the brain and we need to recognize this.”，这是一种大脑紊乱的现象，我们需要认识到这一点。可判断出上下文相互照应。句意：研究人员认为，上瘾在某种程度上是一种“大脑紊乱”。故填入disorder。6.固定搭配。根据固定搭配when it comes to “当提到，当涉及到”，可知句意：当提到上瘾，这可能提供重要的新
