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1、2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The（ ）of “snake” is simply this: a legless reptile with a long, thin body.问题1选项A.connotationB.denominationC.donationD.denotation【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。connotation “内涵；含蓄”；denomination “面额；名称；教派”；donation “捐款；捐赠物；捐赠”；denotation “符号；表示；意义”。句意：“蛇”的字面意思是：一种有着长而细的身体的无腿爬行
2、动物。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题During the terrorist attacks, the authorities ordered to（ ）the workers and residents of high-profile buildings from the constructions.问题1选项A.evictB.evokeC.evacuateD.evade【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。evict “驱逐；逐出；evoke “唤起；引起”；evacuate “疏散； 撤退；排泄”；evade “逃避；逃脱”。句意：恐怖袭击期间，政府要求疏散建筑物中引人注目的楼房中的工人和居
3、民。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Should either of these situations occur, wrong control actions might be taken and a potential accident sequence initiated.问题1选项A.importedB.installedC.startedD.interviewed【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果发生这两种情况之一，可能会采取错误的控制措施，并且潜在的事故序列会被。import “输入，引进”；install “安装，设置”；start “启动，开始”；interview “
4、采访，接见；面试”。根据“a potential accident sequence”可推测划线单词的意思是“启动，开始”，因此选项C符合题意。4. 单选题The prodigal son（ ）his large inheritance in a few years of heavy spending.问题1选项A.inheritedB.receivedC.accumulatedD.dissipated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。inherit“继承”；receive“收到；接待”；accumulate“积攒”；dissipate “浪费；使 消散”。句意：那个花钱大手大脚的败家子短短
5、几年就把那一大笔遗产挥霍掉了。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Since it was held up only by a single steel cable, the chairlift was（ ）to carry only two people问题1选项A.instructedB.obligedC.intendedD.appointed【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。instruct “指导；通知；命令”；oblige “迫使；强制；责成”；intend“打算；想要；意指”；appoint“任命；指定”。句意：由于只有一根钢缆支撑着，这个升降椅被指示一次只能载两个人。选项A符合题意。6
6、. 单选题Oil companies in the U.S. are already beginning to feel the pressure. Refinery workers and petroleum-equipment-manufacturing employees are being（ ）.问题1选项A.laid outB.laid offC.laid downD.laid aside【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。lay out “展示，安排”；lay off “解雇”；lay down “放下，制定”； lay aside “搁置；储蓄”。句意：美国的石油公司已经开始有压力。
7、提炼厂工人和石油设备员工都被解雇了。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题As a general rule, Dad is generous, but as a merchant, he usually drives a hard（ ）.问题1选项A.bargainB.dealC.transactionD.negotiation【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。drive a hard bargain“讨价还价” 。句意：一般来说，父亲是慷慨的，但是作为一个商人，他通常会讨价还价。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题In the accident three men were trapped in a subm
8、erged vehicle, and their only hope was another man whose legs were broken.问题1选项A.wreckedB.burntC.overturnedD.sunk【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这次事故中，三个人被困在一辆被水淹没的汽车中，而另外一位腿受伤的男性是他们唯一的希望。wrecked “失事的，遇难的”；burnt “烧焦的”；overturned “倾覆的”；sunk “下沉的”。划线单词submerge的意思是“水下的”，因此选项D符合题意。9. 单选题The United Nations Securi
9、ty Council established the ICTR in 1995 to try the alleged perpetrators of the 1994（ ）in Rwanda that claimed the lives of more than 800,000 people.问题1选项A.genocideB.immigrationC.discriminationD.election【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。genocide“种族灭绝，种族屠杀”；immigration“移民”；discrimination “歧视，区别”；election “选举；当选”。句意：联合
10、国安理会于1995年建立了卢旺达国际刑事法庭，来审判1994年导致八十多万人死亡的卢旺达大屠杀中被指控的凶手。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题The State Council will lay down new rules that aim to make management compatible with internationally accepted conventions.问题1选项A.conferencesB.conversationsC.practicesD.formations【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：国务院将制定新的规则来使得管理与国际惯例一致。confere
11、nce “会议”；conversation “（非正式） 交谈，谈话”；practice “实践，惯例”；formation “组成”。根据前面的 “lay down new rules” 可推测出划线单词的意思是“规则”，因此选项C符合题意。11. 单选题Alfred Nobel, the famous Swedish chemist who founded the Nobel Prize, was born into a family where research and experimentation were almost second nature. His father Imman
12、uel, out of work and penniless, tested his theories of explosives in a laboratory set up in their house. Unfortunately, the elder Nobel remained frustrated in his efforts to apply his natural inventive spirit to establishing a prosperous endeavor.Alfred Nobel worked alongside his father, and by 1850
13、 when he was 17, Alfred had acquired most of his fathers knowledge of and enthusiasm for chemistry. Although numerous other scientists had been intrigued by nitroglycerine, Alfred was the one who finally managed to turn this dangerous substance into a safe and useful explosive. He succeeded in devel
14、oping dynamite commercially, which laid the foundation for many of the worlds leading chemical enterprises. Aside from introducing the innovative Nobel Igniter in 1864 and dynamite in 1866，Alfred claimed 355 patents including nitrocellulose and substitutes for leather and rubber. He developed clever
15、 methods for the production of synthetic silk and was involved in electrochemical, telecommunications, and safety alarm systems as well.Alfred Nobel was a dedicated scientist who became very rich applying his knowledge of chemistry. His sense of guilt over having created a potentially deadly material led him to leave some of his milli
