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1、沈阳*大学本科毕业论文 题 目：重金属镉胁迫对水稻种子萌发的影响院 系： 环境与生物工程学院 专 业： 环境工程 班 级： 环境* 学生姓名： * 指导教师： * 论文提交日期： 年 月 日论文答辩日期： 年 月 日重金属镉胁迫对水稻种子萌发的影响摘 要近年来，重金属污染导致的环境问题已引起人们的广泛关注。重金属镉是一类主要的环境污染物，对生物体有很强的遗传毒性。以水稻作为实验材料，探讨了系列浓度Cd2+对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响，为深入研究Cd2+对水稻的伤害及水稻耐Cd2+机制提供参考；本实验还探讨了一定浓度Cd2+胁迫下加入上述实验得到的两种细菌对水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响，为进一
2、步利用微生物技术来缓解Cd2+污染提供参考数据。整个实验结果如下：1、不同浓度的Cd2+及Cd2+-微生物菌液处理对水稻种子萌发的影响：在实验所设浓度范围内，水稻种子出芽率、发芽势、出芽指数、活力指数以及a-淀粉酶活性等指标明显受到镉浓度影响，并且随着镉浓度增大，各项种子萌发指标均呈现明显的下降趋势。当镉浓度小于或等于1mg/L时，各项指标呈现上升趋势，当浓度在1mg/L以后并逐渐增加时，水稻种子出芽率等指标明显受到影响，其浓度在100mg/kg-200mg/kg之间时，镉对水稻种子毒害极深并严重抑制了种子萌发。加入微生物菌液之后，水稻出芽率等指标的含量变化明显得到了改善，并可看出镉胁迫对水稻
3、种子萌发的影响的缓解作用，细菌JL-1比细菌JL-2对镉的吸附作用要好。2、不同浓度的Cd2+及Cd2+-微生物菌液处理对水稻幼苗生长的影响：在实验设置的浓度范围内，随着Cd2+处理浓度的升高，水稻幼苗的生长量和根系活力以及抗氧化酶活性等呈现先上升后下降趋势，根系及幼苗的生长受到严重抑制。当加入微生物菌液以后，上述各项指标的变化明显得到改善，而且在微生物细菌发挥作用中，细菌JL-1要比JL-2要好。关键词：镉；微生物；细菌；水稻32 The Effect Of The Cadmium Stressing On Rice Seed GerminationAbstract In recent ye
4、ars, environmental problems caused by heavy metal pollution has attracted peoples attention. Cadmium is a kind of major environmental pollutants on living organisms with strong genetic toxicity. We take the rice as the experimental material, talking about the series effect of Cd2+ on rice seed germi
5、nation and youth growth. In order to study the damage Cd2+ on rice and rice-resistant mechanism of Cd2+ reference this study also explores a certain concentration of Cd2+ stress by adding the above-mentioned experiments of two types of bacteria on rice seed germination and seedling growth; in order
6、to further the use of microbial technology to Cd2+ pollution mitigation to provide reference data. The results are as follows:1, Different concentrations of Cd2+ and Cd2+-microbial bacilli treatment on rice seed germination: the concentration in the experimental set up within the budding rate of ric
7、e seeds, germination potential, budding index, vigor index and a-amylase activity and other indicators of significant affected by the concentration of cadmium, and with the concentration of cadmium increased the seed germination index showed a significant downward trend. When the cadmium concentrati
8、on is less than or equal to 1mg/L, the various indicators on the rise, when the concentration of 1mg/L and gradually increased after the rice seeds budding rate, etc., obviously affected, its concentration in the 100mg/kg-200mg / is between kg, Toxicity of cadmium on rice seed deep and seriously inh
9、ibit seed germination. After adding microbial bacilli, rice budding rate of change in the content of such indicators have improved significantly , and can be seen of cadmium on rice seed germination to alleviate the impact of the role of bacteria JL-1 than bacteria JL-2 is better on Cd adsorption .2
10、, Different concentrations of Cd2+ and Cd2+-microbial bacilli treatment on rice seedling growth: In the experiment set-up within the concentration range, with the concentration of Cd2+ treatment increased the amount of rice seedling growth and root activity, chlorophyll content, soluble protein cont
11、ent and activity of antioxidant enzymes showed a downward trend after the first rising, while the MDA content of rice seedlings showed an upward trend after the first drop, root and seedling growth was seriously inhibited. When adding micro-bacilli after the above-mentioned changes in the indicators
12、 have improved markedly ,and play a role in the microbial bacteria, the bacteria JL-1 is better than the JL-2.Key words: cadmium; microorganisms; bacteria; rice目 录内 容 摘 要IAbstractII目 录III1.文献综述11.1重金属镉污染背景11.2重金属镉污染现状11.3重金属镉污染来源及特点31.3.1重金属镉污染的来源31.3.2 重金属镉污染特点41.3.2.1 普遍性、潜伏性和间接性41.3.2.2隐蔽性、持久性和不可
13、逆性41.3.2.3表聚性、伴生性和综合性41.4 重金属镉污染危害41.4.1 重金属镉污染对植物的危害41.4.2 重金属镉污染对人体的危害51.5 重金属镉污染的治理现状51.5.1 大气重金属镉污染的治理51.5.2 水体重金属镉污染的治理61.5.3 土壤中重金属镉污染的治理61.5.3.1 工程技术措施61.5.3.2化学措施61.5.3.3 植物措施71.5.3.4 动物修复71.5.3.5农业生态措施71.5.3.6生物治理措施81.6 微生物对镉的吸附81.6.1 微生物与镉的相互作用81.6.2微生物吸附机理及优点81.6.2.1微生物吸附的机理81.6.2.2 微生物吸附
14、的优点91.6.3微生物吸附重金属的研究进展91.7 本研究的目的意义101.7.1研究意义101.7.2研究内容111.7.2.1耐镉菌株对镉胁迫下水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响111.7.3研究预期效果112. 实验材料与方法122.1材料122.1.1 作物样品来源122.1.2实验试剂122.1.3实验仪器132.2测定项目及方法132.2.1细菌的培养、纯化、筛选及保存132.2.2水稻的培养132.2.3水稻种子萌发情况测定142.2.3.1淀粉酶活力的测定142.2.3.2水稻种子其它萌发指标的测定142.2.4水稻幼苗生理生化指标测定142.2.4.1超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性
15、的测定142.2.4.2过氧化物酶（POD）活性的测定152.3数据统计分析153. 结果分析与讨论163.1耐镉细菌对水稻种子萌发的影响163.1.1耐镉细菌对水稻种子发芽情况的影响163.1.2耐镉细菌对水稻种子-淀粉酶活性的影响193.1.3小结213.2 耐镉细菌对水稻幼苗生长状况的影响213.2.1 耐镉细菌对水稻水稻幼苗生长量的影响213.2.2耐镉细菌对水稻水稻幼苗根系活力的影响253.2.3 耐镉细菌对水稻水稻幼苗过氧化物酶活性的影响273.2.4 耐镉细菌对水稻幼苗超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响284. 结论30致 谢311.文献综述1. 1重金属镉污染背景随着工业生产发展及城市化建设的加剧，重金属的使用范围越来越广泛，人为排入大气、水体和土壤中的重金属等有害物质日益增多，受污染土壤和水体面积在不断扩大，空气、土壤和水中有毒重金属对环境的严重威胁正逐渐成为全球
