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1、语法精讲Subject-Verb Agreement and Collective Nouns主谓一致和集合名词考查主谓一致的几大热点：1.主语+with/together with/as well as/besides/except/but/like/unlike/rather than/including等+名词或代词时，谓语动词的数应与前面的主语保持一致。The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.To find friendship offer friendship.以友谊换友谊。2.动词不定式、动名词及名
2、词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。但 what引导的主语从句有时用复数动词，这时其含义常可从表语中看出。When and where to build the hospital is not decided.What we want are books.3.由or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also等连接并列主语时，常采用就近原则，即动词与最靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Not only you but also I am a teacher.Are either you or he a student?Here comes a teac
3、her and several students.There are some books and a pen on the table.4.在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句的先行词应为介词of后面的复数名词，因此从句的谓语动词应为复数；而在“the only one/every one of+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句的先行词是the only one/every one,定语从句中的谓语动词通常用单数形式。He is the only one of the students who lives in the school.He is one of the stude
4、nts who live in the school.5.sheep,means等单复数同形的名词作主语时，根据具体情况，谓语动词选用单数或复数。Every possible means has been used to prevent the pollution,but the sky is still not clear.All possible means have been tried to.6.family,team,group,class等集合名词作主语时，强调整体时用单数谓语动词，强调成员时用复数动词。When I got home,the whole family are wa
5、tching TV.当我到家的时候，全家人都在看电视。7.people,police,cattle,clothes,folk等表示“总称”的名词作主语时，表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数。The police are running after the thief.8.分数、百分数作主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词一致。而the rest,some,any,most等应与其指代的内容相符。Some of the students are cleaning the windows,while the rest are sweeping the floor.9.all指人时，谓语动词用复数；指物时
6、，谓语动词用单数。All were silent.大家一言不发。All was silent.万籁俱寂。10.用and连接的两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子作主语时，一般用复数动词。但当表示单一概念时，要用单数动词；两个单数名词前有every,each,no,many a等词修饰时，要用单数动词。如:No teacher and no student is going.11.many a(许多)和more than one(不止一个)等作定语，修饰作主语的单数可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Many a student has been tired by his long speech.12.表示“
7、总量”或“总和”的时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如强调具体的数量，则要用复数动词。如：Twenty years is a long time.20年是一段很长的时间。Twenty years have passed since his father died.自他父亲去世以来已经有20年了。13.抽象名词、学科名词、专有名词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数。The United States was founded in 1776.The Olympic Games are held every four years.14.“the+形容词”表示“一类人”时谓语动
8、词用复数；表示“一种抽象概念和品质”时谓语动词用单数。The wounded are taken good care of in the hospital.伤员们在这家医院得到了很好的照顾。The beautiful is not always the useful.好看的不一定总是有用的。考题再现【考例1】（2006辽宁高考，27）The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A.is goingB.goC.goesD.are go
9、ing解析：这个句子的主语是the father，所以其谓语动词要用单数形式。再根据时间状语every Sunday afternoon in winter可判断出要用一般现在时，表示经常性的动作。as well as his children在句子中作状语，不作主语。答案：C【考例2】(2006安徽高考，30 ) Most of what has been said about the Smiths_ also true of the Johnsons.A.areB.isC.beingD.to be解析：what has been said about the Smiths是主语从句，表示单
10、数，most的单复数由of后的成分决定，所以这个句子的主语是单数。being和to be都是动词be的非谓语形式，所以都不能作为答案。答案：B【考例3】_ either you or the headmaster to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting?A.IsB.AreC.DoesD.Do解析：either.or.连接并列主语，谓语动词就近，故应选择are,构成be to do结构，表示将来。答案：B【考例4】 He is the only one of the students who_ a winner
11、 of scholarship for three years.A.isB.areC.have beenD.has been解析：引导词作主语时，从句的谓语动词应与先行词一致，由句子的意义可知，先行词为the only one。答案：D【考例5】 My family_ small,but my family_ all model workers.A.is;areB.are;isC.was;areD.were;is解析：句意为“我家庭很小，但家人都是模范工作者”。第一个family表示“家庭”，第二个family表示“家庭成员”。答案：A【考例6】(2006浙江高考，7)The company
12、had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird_ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析：本题考查主谓一致及动词的时态，当分数、百分数作主语时，要根据其后面的名词来决定其谓语动词的单复数。此处onethird应是onethird of the notebook computers,因此谓语动词用复数，且句子的时态用了过去时，所以D项正确。答案：D【考例7】(2006江苏高考，34) A poet and artist _ coming
13、to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析：此题考查主谓一致的用法。由时间状语“tomorrow afternoon”判断，此处应用现在进行时表将来，故排除C、D两项。“a poet and artist”指一位诗人兼画家，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。答案：A【考例8】My maths _ all right.What _ me most is English.A.are;worriedB.seem;worryingC.is;worriesD.seems;worry解析：由句子结构可知，两个空都应为谓语动词。maths,what作主语，谓语动词都应用单数且两句话应时态一致。答案：C【考例9】The wounded _ after.A.is well lookedB.has been well lookedC.are good lookedD.have been well looked解析：the wounded“伤员”，表示一类人，谓语动词应用复数。答案：D
