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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _ the speakers stopped for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at intervalsC.at easeD.at random【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. at large 在逃的 B. at intervals 时时，不时C. at ease 安逸地，不紧张地 D. at random 随机地，随便地【考查点】语义衔接与词组辨析【解题思路】首先，空格后是一
2、个完整的句子，该处应填入一个副词，做状语。其次，前文提到“这个讲座冗长而令人疲惫”，后文提到“发言的人停下来喝点水”根据sothat提示，后者应该是前文的结果，B选项at intervals“时时，不时”符合原文语境。【干扰项排除】A选项at large“在逃的”，语义和词性不符；C选项at ease“安逸地，不紧张地”，语义不符；D选项at random“随机地，随便地”，原文是指喝水的频率高，而不是说喝得很随便。【句意】这个讲座冗长而令人疲惫以至于发言的人都不时停下来喝点水。2. 单选题During pregnancy, the blood carries essential _ and
3、oxygen to the developing baby and carries away waste.问题1选项A.nutrientsB.nuisanceC.initiativesD.ration【答案】A【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项nutrients“营养物；养分”；B选项nuisance“损害；麻烦事”；C选项initiatives“倡议”；D选项ration“配给量，定量”。句意：在怀孕期间，血液携带必要的_和氧气给发育中的婴儿，并带走废物。空格词与氧气并列，都是婴儿需要地东西，A选项nutrients“营养物；养分”最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为A。3. 单选题Up to th
4、is point there has been solid evidence that certain pathological mental states, like depression, are linked with a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular death, but the relationship between normal personality traits likes optimism and health have not been as thoroughly studied. Dr. Giltay caref
5、ully controlled the base line risk factors like blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking and alcohol consumption in his study. Even after controlling for these confounding variables, there was still a significant excess of mortality in the pessimists compared with the optimists. And when he factored in
6、the subjects own perception of their healthoptimists, not surprisingly, report feeling betterpessimists still had higher morbidity and mortality.What about the possibility that some of the pessimistic subjects were simply suffering from undiagnosed depression? After all, depression is a strong risk
7、factor for cardiovascular mortality. Dr. Giltay conceded that the subjects were not psychiatrically screened for depression or any other mental disorder, so this is a possibility. But he said depression was unlikely to explain the correlation between pessimism and mortality. Perhaps, but we know tha
8、t depression exists, too, on a spectrum. Mild chronic depressive states like dysthymia could easily masquerade as everyday pessimism, so this study cannot rule out mild depression as a contributor to excess mortality in the pessimistic subjects. Still, assuming that these findings are replicated and
9、 optimism does indeed confer a survival advantage, how mechanism could explain it?One possibility is that optimists may simply cope better with adversity than pessimists do and engage in behaviors that are more likely to promote health. It is well known, for example, that optimism is strongly associ
10、ated with seeking social support and coping better with stress. There might even be biological differences between optimistic and pessimistic people that give optimists an edge. This is not so far-fetched if you consider that depression is associated with alterations in many neurotransmitters and ho
11、rmones, which can adversely affect physical health. At this point, pessimism in the absence of clinical depression is not considered a disease or a risk factor for developing one. But if these data are replicated, perhaps it should be. If thats the case, then trials of optimism-enhancing treatments,
12、 including psychotherapies and probably antidepressants, wont be far behind. After all, there is already preliminary evidence that serotonin-enhancing antidepressants can alter normal personality traits like sociability, even in people without depression.But even if pessimism could be “treated”, wou
13、ld that guarantee a longer life? Judging from recent research in depression, it may be no slam-dunk. Efforts to decrease heart disease and mortality by treating depression have been disappointing. Two large randomized trials involving depressed heart-attack patients found no survival benefit in trea
14、ting them with either cognitive behavior therapy or serotonin-enhancing antidepressants, though their depression did improve. In the end, pessimists have enough to fret about without worrying that their own temperament will doom them to a short life. If pessimists should worry about anything, though
15、, it is that they may have an undiagnosedand treatabledepression.21. We can convincingly infer from the first paragraph that _.22. Comparing pessimists with optimists, which of the following statements is NOT true?23. The optimism-enhancing treatments can _.24. According to the last paragraph, we can conclude that _.25. The passage mainly wants to tell us that _.问题1选项A.normal personality guarantees good healthB.pessimism constitutes a fatal threat for healthC.the relationship between pessimism and death is being investigatedD.pessimism results in mortality问题2选项A.Optimis
