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1、2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further.
2、 We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Sho
3、uld we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, an
4、d some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But in fact it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclos
5、ures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved,
6、first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women ha
7、d shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work
8、 roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excludeda problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to
9、change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.1.What is the main idea of the passage?2.Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a fac
10、tor contributing to the spread of employment?3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.4.The word daunting in the third paragraph means（ ）.5.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?问题1选项A.Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th cen
11、turies.B.Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.C.The industrial age may now be coming to an end.D.Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment问题2选项A.The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.B.The developm
12、ent of factories.C.Relief from housework on the part of women.D.Development of modern means of transportation.问题3选项A.most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of timeB.many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories
13、 were being constructedC.in pre-industrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by womenD.some of the changes in work patterns that the industrial age brought have been reversed问题4选项A.shockingB.interestingC.confusingD.stimulating问题5选项A.Create situations in which people w
14、ork for themselves.B.Treat employment as the norm.C.Endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production.D.Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。A项“就业在17和18世纪变得广泛。”，B项“失业仍将是工业化国家的一个主要问题。”，C项“工
15、业时代可能即将结束。”，这三个选项均为文章中所阐述的一个细节，而非主旨；D项“应该做出一些努力、提供一些资源，帮助更多的人处理失业问题”，文章最后一段提到“The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.现在当然是时候把一些努力和资源从为所有人
16、创造就业机会的理想目标上转移到帮助许多没有全职工作的人也能生活的紧急实用任务上来”可推断D项符合题意，故选D。2.事实细节题。A项“十七和十八世纪的圈地”，文章第四段第一句有提到，B项“工厂的发展”， D项“现代交通工具的发展”，文章第四段第二、三句有提到这两个选项；C项“妇女家务活减少”在原文中没有提及，故选C项。3.事实细节题。A项“大多数接受调查的人认为，失业问题可能不会在短时间内得到解决”，文章第一段提到“Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment i
