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1、 . . . 毕业设计论文基于单片机控制自动配料系统摘 要皮带配料系统是一种连续累计自动控制系统，广泛用在煤炭、化工、冶金、建材、食品等关系国计民生的各个行业，配料系统可对物料的配比实现累计量控制，而准确的累计量控制可提高产品质量，降低生产成本，提高劳动效率。首先介绍了配料系统控制器的国外发展状况，接着对配料系统的组成结构、工作原理作了介绍。然后根据配料系统流量控制的设计要求，设计了以AT89C52单片机为主控芯片的配料系统控制器。论文分析了系统工作原理和提高调速性能的方法，研究了IGBT模块应用驱动、吸收、保护控制等关键技术。在单片机控制方面，讨论了数字触发、数字测速、数字PWM调制器、转速
2、与电流控制器的原理,并给出了软、硬件实现方案。系统中使用了光电码盘对直流电机的转速进行测量，用电流互感器对直流电机的电流进行检测，经过滤波电路后，将测量值送到A/D转换器，并且最终作为反馈值输入到单片机进行PI运算，从而实现了对直流电机速度和电流的控制。通过实时测试与调节电动机的转速和电流，此调速系统可获得快速、精确的调速效果。关键词 直流不可逆调速 PWM信号 数字控制器ABSTRACTBelt batching system is a continuous totalizing automatic weighing instrument.It has played a critical r
3、ole in coal, chemical industry, metallurgy, building materials, food and other sectors that are crucial to national economy and peoples livelihood. The cumulative control of some mixed materials batching is realized by batching scale. This accurate cumulative control can cut down the cost of manufac
4、ture, improve the quality of the product and enhance the efficiency of labor.The paper first has an introduction to the status of development for batching scale controller at home and abroad, and then components and operating principle of the batching scale. According to the design requirements for
5、flow control of a batching scale, this paper designs a batching scale controller with AT89C52 single chip microcomputer as the master control chip.This paper analyzes the working principles of the system and some key technical issues of the application based on the IGBT apparatus, which include driv
6、e circuit, snubbed circuit, protection and controlling the quantity of heat, and so on. In the aspect of microcomputer control, it has discussed the principle of number touch off、number velocity testing、current/velocity controller、number PWM modulator and presents the hardware or software scheme to
7、achieve it.Photoelectric encoder is used in this system to measure the speed of D.C. motor. The result of the measurement is sent to A/D converter after passing the filtering circuit, and finally the feedback single is stored in the single-chip computer and participates in a PI calculation. By real
8、time testing dandy adjusting the motors velocity/current, this timing system can get quick and exact timing result.Keywordsreversible DC timing systemPulse-Width Modulationnumber controller.目 录摘要IABSTRACTII目录IVCONTENTSVII第1章绪论11.1 引言11.2 研究皮带配料系统的意义11.3 配料系统的国外发展现状31.4 配料系统的发展趋势4第2章配料自动控制系统设计62.1 配料
9、自动控制系统可控直流源的选择62.1.1 配料自动控制系统可控直流源的方案比较62.1.2 配料自动控制系统可控直流源的方案确定82.2 直流调速系统PWM电路方案设计82.2.1 PWM变换器控制方案选择92.2.2 PWM变换器的数学模型102.3 配料系统直流调速系统闭环系统方案102.4 配料系统自动控制系统的整体方案设计122.5 配料系统直流调速系统设计132.5.1 配料系统自动控制系统性能与技术要求132.5.2 直流电机相关参数的计算142.5.3 双闭环稳态工作时静特性162.5.4 电流调节器和转速调节器的设计17第3章配料系统自动控制系统硬件电路设计223.1重量信号采
10、集电路223.1.1 传感器选择223.1.2重量信号的采集电路233.2重量信号滤波放大电路243.3 A/D转换电路263.4 配料系统自动控制系统的单片机系统273.5 皮带配料系统电机回路保护电路设计293.5.1启动保护电路293.5.2 IGBT的选择与其吸收回路设计303.6 直流电机电流检测电路313.7 数字测速电路323.7.1 M/T法测速原理333.7.2 数字测速硬件电路343.8 PWM驱动电路设计363.8.1 PWM信号产生电路363.8.2 PWM信号驱动电路373.9 配料系统自动控制系统的键盘与显示电路383.9.1 I/O口扩展电路393.9.2 配料系
11、统自动控制系统的键盘电路设计393.9.3配料系统自动控制系统的显示电路设计413.10配料系统自动控制系统的电源系统42第4章配料系统自动控制系统软件设计444.1软件的主程序结构设计444.2 PI控制子程序设计464.3 中断服务程序47第5章配料系统直流调速系统仿真495.1 直流双闭环调速系统的仿真模型的构建495.2 直流双闭环调速系统的仿真结果分析50总结52致53参考文献54附录1 软件编程56附录2 系统硬件原理图62CONTENTSABSTRACT（CHINESE）IABSTRACTIICONTENTS（CHINESE）IVCONTENTSVIICHAPTER 1 INTR
12、ODUCTION11.1 Foreword11.2 The significance of the belt batching system11.3 The development of the belt batching system in the world31.4 The development trend of the batching system4CHAPTER 2 The design of the automatic batching system62.1 The choice of controlled DC source for the system62.1.1 Progr
13、am comparison of the controlled DC source62.1.2 The decision of the program82.2 DC speed conrol systems PWM circuit design82.2.1 The selection of the PWM converter program92.2.2 The mathematical model of the PWM converter102.3 The program of the closed loop system102.4 The overall design of the auto
14、matic control system of the batching system122.5 Batching system DC speed control design132.5.1 Batching automatic control system performance and technical requirements132.5.2 The calculation of the relevant parameters of the DC motor142.5.3 The closed loop static characteristics of the steady-state
15、 operation162.5.4 The design of the ACR and ASR17CHAPTER 3 Circuit design of the batching automatic control system223.1 Weight signal acquisition circuit223.1.1 The selection of the sensor223.1.2 Circuit to get the weight233.2 Weight signal filering amplifier243.3 A/D converter circuit263.4 SCM for batching automatic control system273.5 Belt ingredients motor circuit protection circuit design293.5.1 Limitations and start pumping voltage protection circuit293.5.2 The IGBT choice and the absorption circuit design303.6 DC motor current detection circu
