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1、现在完成时讲解一. 基本结构：助动词 have/has+过去分词（done）二. 句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+ 其他.简略答语：Yes,主语 + have/has.（肯定）No,主语 + havent/hasnt.（否定）三. 用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money （so far）.（含义是：现在我没有钱花了 .）Guo zijun has （just/already） come.（含义：郭子君现在在这儿）My father
2、has gone to work.（含义是：我爸爸现在不在这儿 ）be（2） 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的，持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（动词表示）常与for （+时间段）,sinee （+时间点或过去时的句子）连用 . for+时段 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） since+时段 +ago since+从句（过去时） It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has bee n ill for three days.I have lived here si nee 1998.四. has gone （to）,has been （to）,
3、has been （in） 的区另UHave/Has gone（to） 去了（现在不在说话现场）Where is your father ? He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been （to）:去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has bee n to Shan ghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has bee n in Shan ghai for two mon ths. /since two mon ths ago.五. 现在完成时的标志1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影
4、响，用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义* 以 already, just 和 yet 为标志He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。He has nt come back yet. 他还没有回来。* 以ever禾口 never为标志This is the best film I have ever see n.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beiji ng. 他从没有到过北京。*以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to
5、the USA three times.他说他已经去过美国三次了。*以so far （到目前为止）为标 +beforeHe has got to Beiji ng so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2. 过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至有可能继续延续下去，我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手，进一步学习现在完成时。*for+时段 sin ce+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志1）现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, three ye
6、ars ago等;2）不能与when连用2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态.其构成：have （has） +过去分词.规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样，在动词词尾加ed;不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表，需要同学记忆.现以see the film为例将现在完成时的肯定句，否定句和疑问句列表如下：肯定句：I/You/We/They have seen the film. He/She /It has seen the film.否定句：I/You/We/They have no
7、t/ haven t seen the film.He/ She/It has not/hasn t seen the film.疑问句：Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they haven t.Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ she/ it hasn t.二、用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在.用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与just （刚刚）already
8、（已 经），never （从来没有）,ever（曾经）before （以前）,yet （仍然），onee （次），twice （两次），many times（很多次）,how many times （多少次）,so far （迄今为止），during the past （last）three years （最近三年来）等连用.探 副词的位置：just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后,He has just come . never 表示否定,放在 have / has 后,He has never visited the Great Wall. ever用于疑问句中，句型为：Have
9、 / Has +主语+ ever +过去分词？曾经过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历.Have you ever been to the farm? before 用于句末 ,The woman has never heard of that before. yet 用于句末或 not 之后.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet. already 用于肯定句 ,have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it. so far 用于句首或句末 .So far, we have visited the moon.用法二：表
10、示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态.时间状语有： for + 表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years. since+表示过去时间点的词语He has bee n at this school si nee 1986. since+表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here si nee I was born. since+段时间+ ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.三、 现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语(for,since,how long, all one s life)
11、连用的动词必须是表示延续的 情况或动作 的 动词，即延续性动词.如 ： be,have,k no w,live,work,study,learn ,teach,keep,speak,talk,draw,wait,wear,walk,sleep,drive,write,do,clea n等.I have bee n a teacher for n early 20 years. How long has he lived here?四、延续性动词的现在完成时可和包括“现在”在内的(到说话时仍未结束)表示一段时间的状语连用.女口 this morning,today,this week,these
12、 daysHe has bee n to Beiji ng three times this year. He has written two letters this morni ng.(说话时间在上午) Hewrote two letters this morni ng.(说话时间在下午或晚上)五、 英语中还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续，只是一瞬间就结束的动作，这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”，常见的有：come,go,arrive,reach,see,hear,close,ope n,l eave,beg in, start,lose,buy,fall,jo in, die,
13、getup,become,borrow,le nd,fi nd,fi nish,receive 等.这些动词可用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不 能和表示一段时间的状语 (how Iong,for,since )连用.He has come back. (V) He has come back for two hours.(x)探 但在否定句中，非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，如I haven t heard from my father for a long time. We haven t seen him since 1999.六、当终止性动词(非延续性动词)与表
14、示一段时间的状语(how Iong,since,for, all one s life)相矛盾时，改正错句的方法有如下几种：（1） 用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.He has come back for two weeks.（错）改为 ：He came back two weeks ago.（正）I have lost my bike for ten days. （错）改为 :I lost my bike ten days ago. （正）（2）用It is / has been +时间+ since+般过去时态”句型来改写He has joined the League fo
15、r 3 years. （错）It is 3 years since he joined the League.I have bought the book for 5 days. （错）It is 5 days since I bought the book. （正）He has died for 20 years.（错）It is 20 years since he died. （正）（3 ）用时间+ has passed+ sin ce+般过去时态”句型来改写He has left home for 20 years. 改为:Twenty years has passed since he left home.He has lost his pen for 2 days. 改为:Two days has passed since he lost his pen.（4）用系表结构来改写.He has died for 20 years. 改为:He has been dead for 20 years.The factory has opened since 1999.
