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1、第一部分：阅读理解Passage 1The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: store in the refrigerator.In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice
2、-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the
3、 country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed - natural cooling, drying, smoking, slating, sugaring, bottling What refrigeration did promote was marketing - marketing hardware and electr
4、icity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almos
5、t unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expanse, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house - while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridges effect upon the environment has been e
6、vident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum.1. The statement In my fridgeless Fifties chil
7、dhood, I was fed well and healthily. (Line l, Para. 2 ) suggests that. _. A) the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties B) the author was not accustomed to using fridges even in his fifties C) there was no fridge in the authors home in the l950s D) the fridge was in its
8、 early stage of development in the l950s2. Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges? A) People would not buy more food than was necessary. B) Food was delivered to peep two or thee times a week. C) Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily. D) People ha
9、d effective ways to preserve their food.3. Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author? A) Inventors. C) Manufacturers. B) Consumers. D) Travelling salesmen.4. Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridges negative effect on the environment? A) Hum away
10、 continuously. B) Climatically almost unnecessary. C) Artificially-cooled space. D) With mild temperatures.5. What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges? A) Neutral. C) objective. B) Critical. D) Compromising参考答案：1 C。此题从fridgeless和Fifties两词中可以得知在五十年代作者生活的时代没有冰箱的存在。2 D。从文章第二段得知之所以食物可以保留是因为他们
11、有比较有效的方法，将星期日的肉可以保存到星期三，将多余的面包和牛奶可以制成其他点心就证明了这个答案。3 B。文章的第三段说过冰箱对食物保鲜基本没什么作用，那么对于买冰箱的消费者来说他们从中获益应该是最小的。第三段也提到冰箱对于市场起到了促进作用。4 A。冰箱发出的噪音对于人类生活的环境造成了负面影响。5 B。从文章中明显可以看得出作者对于冰箱持有批评态度。Passage 2The black robin (知更鸟) is one of the worlds rarest birds. It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the isla
12、nd of Little Mangere, of the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977 there were fewer than ten. These are the only black robins left in the world. The island has many other birds, of course, of different kinds, large and small; these seem to multiply (繁殖) ver
13、y happily.Steps are being taken to guard those remaining and to increase their number. Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made. The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home, for wild life, including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere
14、 should then be supplied with the robins food - it eats only one kind of seed. Thousands of the required plants are at present being grown in New Zealand. The public appeal is aimed at the conscience (良心) of mankind, so that the wild black robin will not die out and disappear from the earth in our t
15、ime at least.Is all this concern a waste of human effort? Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out? Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable?In the earths long, long past hundreds of kinds of creatures have evolved (进化), risen to a degree
16、of success - and died out. In the long, long future there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt (适应) themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time. Those that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early. That is Natures proven method of operation.The rule of sel
