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1、新东方阅读第一讲：对文章的处理：一 句子1. 顺序：先主干，后分支考研常见主干架构：主谓宾、主系表、主谓主干中动词最难找：复合句中，多个谓语动词，有n个动词，至少有n+1个动词寻找句子主干的方法：（1）主+that/who+v1v2+宾语V2是主句动词，引导词后第一个动词一定是从句动词引导词也许被省略：n+n+v1+v2:n+v1是一个句子，所以省略了that（2）主语+who+v1+v2+v3+宾语V1一定不是主句动词总结：主句动词为引导词后第二个动词开始，前面不带连词的那个谓语动词从句从引导词开始到主句动词结束2. 节奏：（1） 可以忽略的专有名词：ist/phy/iogy/ism小定语：
2、then ，的位置是形容词，不重要（语感就是对下文有所期待，看到the就要期待一个名词，再期待一个动词）副词：常规副词不重要，但是否定副词：hardly、seldom、rarely、scarcely都要看成not（2） 真题演练The way（ people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equals happiness actually ）reduces where chances of ever attaining real happiness.1有hold 、equals、reduces三个谓语动词，由于引导词后
3、面第一个动词不是主句动词，所以hold和equal不是主句动词，reduces是主句动词。2（fun-filled, pain-free）小定语可以省略3从句从引导词开始到主句动词之前结束，（）部分看成从句It is an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.1主句谓语动词是let和e-mail2关注强调句
4、型3关注逻辑架构：交互式特点有两个功能，如果题目问interactive feature的功能是什么，选项中必须同时出现1and2（3） 六大语法现象（用|劈开句子，重新划分结构） 并列句：句子1|and句子2（先看连词，再找出动词，找动词的目的是为了确定并列的成分是句子） 定语从句|that 宾语从句v |that 分词结构：前面划| Of：前面划| 插入语B，|C，|或者|或者（）（C的部分是插入语，选B不选C）补充：2006年第二篇第四题，（RHC94%）D选项是括号里面的内容，但是（）是在一个句子结束后，用于解释说明，重要信息正是因为重要，才需要加括号解释（）的作用类似于which m
5、eans/in other word/put in other way用六大语法砍开句子后，用设问句，如He said |n |that自己问自己：“他说什么呢”“这个n是什么样子的呢”（4） 句子的处理习惯 看到并列则标号 特殊符号要看成整体“” 读懂句子的功能而非意思：化繁为简、方向判断真题演练：He says| our countrys educational system is in the grips |of people |who “joyfully” and “militantly” proclaim their hostility to intellect and| their
6、 eagerness to identify with children |who show the least intellectual promise.1用六大语法砍开句子，并变成设问句：“他说，说什么”“他说我们的教育被掌控，被什么掌控”“被人掌控，被什么人掌控”2并列成分标号3副词可以省略不看4方向判断：show the least intellectual promise“显示出最少的智力承诺”，虽然不知道是什么意思，但是知道这些孩子智力低下，是一个负向概念，和并列，是一个负向概念，就是一个负向概念，而show the least intellectual promise是一个负向概
7、念，可以推出identify with是正向概念These leaders are living proof| that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems |that come naturally with age.Leaders证明了两件事：翻译为：这些领导是活生生的证据，这些证据证明了预防的奏效以及我们可以掌控随着年龄的增长而出现的健康问题。小结：读句子的重点是逻辑架构（功能）注意：代词向前指代，而且符合就近原则句子中的让步转折结构，后面的转折部分是重点Though/despite/inspire（but
8、）(but后面是重点)Although it ruled that| there is no constitutional right to physician -assisted suicide, the court in effect supported the medical principle |of “double effect” , a centuries-old moral principle holding| that an action having 2 effects|a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is
9、 foreseen|is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.a centuries-old moral principle holding| that an action having 2 effects|a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen|is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect不仅在but后，而且是同位语，重点二 全文处理（读文章结构）1. 重点读各段主旨句
10、（一般在首或者尾，也可能在转折词后面）区别主旨和例子：例子有专有名词、数字、引号、such as等2. 多数人少数人观点并存，少数人正确；新老观点并存，新观点正确整篇阅读演练Text 2 Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disad
11、vantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage t
12、hat Adam Abbott has in life over Zo Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and
13、C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chir
14、ac, Chrtien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht). Can this merely be coinci
15、dence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be wo
