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1、2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Put the following passages into Chinese:For the time being at least, contracts are alive and well. They testify to an important liberal principle, namely, that people can come together as strangers and voluntarily commit themselves to an agreement that takes
2、 the place of the law between them. The final contract, whether it is written or spoken, is not the only manner in which the law acknowledges voluntary actions that give rise to commitments a stranger may enforce. In the common law, such commitments may arise through conduct on which another person
3、has a right to rely, of act in detrimental reliance (导致损失的信赖)The right of reliance may occur as a result not just of the making of a contract but also of the negotiation and conduct prior to a contract. In the process of negotiating a contract, the negotiators establish a relationship, and they come
4、 to expect certain behavior of their negotiating partners. This relationship is particularly important in the civil law.The nineteenth-century German legal philosopher Rudolf von Jhering and his followers have referred to this relationship as one of reciprocal (互惠的) trust. Trust breeds duties. And i
5、f you negligently breach the trust of another, you should pay compensation.With the emphasis on trust and reciprocity (互惠)，the contract is converted from a competitive institution determining who gets the best deal into a potentially cooperative enterprise. The idea behind Jherings emphasis on the c
6、ontracting relationship is that duties arise, and they are not necessarily duties of performance. They might be duties of concern, of reciprocal attention to the interests of the other, and to the success of the venture as a whole. In the common law world, these precontractual duties would be hard t
7、o ground because there would be no consideration to support them. They are, by definition, precontractual.【答案】至少在目前看来，契约仍有着很强的生命力。它们证实了一个重要的自由原则，即陌生可以走到一起并自愿地达成一份协议来替代他们之间存在的法律。无论是书面还是口头的，最终契约不是法律认可自愿行为的唯一方式，自愿行为促生了人们可能执行的义务。在普通的法律中，这些义务可能通过另外一个人有权依赖的行为或让信赖损失行为而产生。信赖的权利可能不仅来契约的签订，而且还来自于契约签订前的协商和行为。在
8、合同协商过程中，协议方建立了一种关系，且他们开始期望自己的协议伙伴们遵守某种行为。这种关系在民法中尤其重要。19世纪的德国法哲学家Rudolf von Jhering和他的拥护者们将这种关系称为一种互惠的信任。信任产生责任。如果你疏忽地违背了他人的信任，那么你就应该作出赔偿。由于强调信任与互惠，契约由决定谁是获得最大好处的竞争性制度转变成了一种由潜在合作性的计划。Jhering对契约关系强调的背后观点是义务产生，且这些义务不是合约履行中的必要责任。总的来说，它们可能是关心、关注另一方利益及企业成功义务。在普通的法律中，由于没有约根支持，所以很难得到落实这些契约前义务。从定义上说，它们是契约前义
9、务。2. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English.没有改革开放，就没有今天的经济发展。祖国的地下到处都是埋藏着丰富的矿产资源。弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。不经一事，不长一智。青年人和老年人不同，女青年和老太太也不同，不考虑这些情况，恐怕就解决不好“代沟”问题。【答案】Without the reform and opening-up, the economic will not be well developed like today.There are rich mineral resources at underground of o
10、ur motherland.If screw up, youll back to square one.A fall in the pit; a gain in the wit.The young differs from the old while the young women and old lady vary a lot, without attention to this, its hard to solve the “generation gap”.3. 单选题It is his （ ）. If the bike is damaged, he must pay.问题1选项A.abi
11、lityB.liabilityC.capacityD.capability【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项ability“能力，才能”；B选项liability“责任，债务”；C选项capacity“能力，资格”；D选项capability“能力，性能”。句意：这是他的责任。如果自行车坏了，他必须赔偿。选项B符合句意。4. 翻译题Translate the following into ChineseIf the Commission finds, after notice and opportunity for hearing, that any person is violating
12、, has violated, or is about to violate any provision of this title, or any rule or regulation thereunder, the Commission may publish its findings and enter an order requiring such person, and any other person that is, was, or would be a cause of the violation, due to an act or omission the person kn
13、ew or should have known would contribute to such violation, to cease and desist from committing or causing such violation and any future violation of the same provision, rule, or regulation. Such order may, in addition to requiring a person to cease and desist from committing or causing a violation,
14、 require such person to comply, or to take steps to effect compliance with such provision, rule, or regulation, upon such terms and conditions and within such time as the commission may specify in such order. Any such order may, as the Commission deems appropriate, require future compliance or steps
15、 to effect future compliance, either permanently or for such period of time as the Commission may specify, with such provision, rule or regulation with respect to any security, any issuer, or any other person.【答案】在通知和一个听讯机会后，如果委员会发现任何人正在、已经或即将去违反这个法令的任何条款、或其下的任何规则或规章，那么该委员会可能发布其调查结果，且提出一个指令，其要求这个人和任
16、何其它人（这个人因其知晓或本应知晓的会导致如此违反的一个行为或疏忽而现在、过去或将来是此类违反的一个原因）停止犯下或造成此类违反和任何对同样条款的将来违反。除需要一个人停止犯下或导致一个违反之外，如此的指令可能要求这类人，依据该委员会在如此的指令中可能规定的条款和条件以及时间期限，去遵守或采取措施去实现遵守如此的条款，规则或规章。就任何担保人、发行者或任何其它人而言，任何如此的指令可能，如同该委员会认为恰当的那样，要求以后永久地或在该委员会可能规定的时间段内遵守或采取措施去实现遵守如此的条款、规则或规章。5. 单选题Farmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to plan ahead.
