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1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars单元要点预览词汇部分词语辨析1. loudly / loud / aloud 2. unlike / dislike 3. remain / leave4. climate / weather 5. now that / since / because / as 词形变化1. violent adj.强暴的，猛烈的violence n.暴力，强暴；猛烈violently adv. 强暴地；猛烈地2. fundamental adj.基本(础)的n.pl.基本原则(法则) fundamentally adv. 基
2、本地；根本地 fundament n. 基础；根本3. development n.生长，发展；新情况develop vt.发展；产生 vi.生长；发展developed adj. 发达的developing adj. 发展的4. lay vt.放下；摆设；产(蛋) lay-laid-laid-layinglie vi. 躺，平放；位于lie-lay-lain-lyinglie n.&vi. 谎话；说谎lie-lied-lied-lying5. prevent vt. 预防，防止prevention n.预防；阻止；妨碍preventable adj.可防止的，可预防的6. gentle ad
3、j.和蔼的；轻柔的gently adv.温和地；静静地7. physics n.物理，物理学physicist n.物理学家physical adj.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的 重点单词 1. system n.c 系统；体系；制度；方法 2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋)3. harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的 4. exist vi. 存在；生存 5. puzzle v.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思 n.谜；难题6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；拉(引)力7. cheer vt.&vi. (使)高兴、振奋；
4、(对)欢呼 重点词组1. to begin with 以开始；由作为开头；首先2. in time 及时；最终；迟早3. in one s turn 轮到某人；接着4. prevent.from 使不做事；阻止做某事5. block out 挡住（光线）6. be off = set off 出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张7. break out (灾难、战争等)突发；爆发8. watch out 密切注视；当心；提防 重点句子1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water va
5、pour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth s atmosphere.2. That made it possible for life to begin to develop.3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.重点语法宾语从句和表语从句（见语法部分）语言要点 .词语辨析 1. loudly / loud
6、 / aloud【解释】loudly adv 响亮地，高声地 loud adj/adv 与sing, speak, talk连用aloud adv 相对默读而言；出声【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). Will you please speak _? 2). It is good for you to read English _ every morning. 3). The bomb exploded _.4). Is her voice _ enough ?5). Action speaks _ than words (事实胜于雄辩). Keys: 1). louder 2
7、). aloud 3). loudly 4). loud 5). louder2. unlike / dislike【解释】unlike prep. 不像，和不同 adj. 作表语 不相似；不同dislike vt./n. 不喜爱，厌恶【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). A good hotel manager should know his regular guests likes and _.2). Her latest novel is quite _ her earlier work.3). If you go on like that you ll get yours
8、elf _ (like).4). I was very interested in the lecture, _ many of the students.Keys: 1). dislikes 2). unlike 3). disliked 4). unlike3. remain/leave【解释】remain vi. 仍然是；留下；剩下常用句型：remain + n. 仍然是 remain + adj./adv./prep. 仍然是remain + v-ed/v-ing 仍然是 remain to be done有待去做，依然要做leave vt. 剩下，忽略或未拿或未带（某物），使或让（某
9、人、事物）处某状态某地等常用句型：leave sb. sth. / leave sth. to sb. 给某人留下某物leave sth (for sb) 留下，交待下(某物) leave sth to sb 将某物遗赠给某人remaining/left两者都可以作形容词，表示“剩下的”，前者用于被修饰的名词之前，后者用于被修饰的名词之后。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). Someone _ you this note while you were out. 2). After the earthquake, little _ of the village.3). He us
10、ed the _ money to buy a dictionary.4). After buying the dictionary, he had not much money_. 5). Arriving home, I found that I d _ my key in the office. 6). Don t leave her _ (wait) outside in the rain. 7). She remained _ (change) after all these years.8). A great many things remain _ (do). Keys: 1).
11、 left 2). remained 3). remaining 4). left 5). left 6). waiting 7). unchanged 8). to be done4. climate / weather【解释】climate指从长时间的范围来看某地的平均气候或经常性的气候；weather指某地一时的天气，如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的变化情况。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). We shall go out for a picnic tomorrow if the _ is fine.2). A drier _ would be good for your heal
12、th.3). I couldnt imagine what it would be like to live in a hot _. 4). The _ of our country is mild, but individual places experience bad _. Keys: 1). weather 2). climate 3). climate 4). climate; weather5. now that / since / because / as【解释】都可引导原因状语从句，语气最强的是because，引导直接而明确的原因，也用来回答why的问句或用于强调句型；其次是s
13、ince/now that，表示已知或明显的原因，再次是as，引导的原因是不言而喻、显而易见的；for引导的是并列分句，表推测或判断的原因，前面有逗号隔开。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). _ everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. 2) It was _ he was ill that he didn t go to school. 3). It must have rained last night, _ the ground is all wet.4). _ we are alone, we can speak freely
14、.Keys: 1). since/now that 2). because 3). for 4). Now (that).词性变化（见上面表格）.重点词汇1. system n.c 系统；体系；制度；方法 systematic adj 有系统的; 有条理的典例 1). The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets. 太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。2). Alcohol is bad for your system. 喝酒对身体有害。练习 根据句子的意思完成句子。1). The _ _ (教育系统) operates very differently in the US and China.2). He introduced us a well-designed _ _ (铁路系统).Keys: 1). educational system 2). railway system 2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产
