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1、解析高中英语常见名词应用错误1能说What a great progress吗? 例题_great progress he has made!AHow BHow a CWhat DWhat a此题应选C。容易误选D,误认为progress是可数名词。此题命题者主要考察了两个方面的问题:一是感叹句句型;二是名词progress的可数性。感叹句的基本结构是:1)How+形容词副词+主语+谓语!2)What(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!(主语为不可数名词或复数形式,其前不用aan)英语中除了像air,water,milk,iron等这些中国人一目了然的不可数名词外,还有一些不可数名词很容易
2、弄错。其中典型的有:work(工作),news(消息),luck(运气),fun(有趣的事),home-work(家庭作业),advice(劝告、建议),harm(损害、伤害),progress(进步),information(信息、消息),weather(天气),wealth(财富),furniture(家俱),luggagebaggage(行李),等。注意以下正误句型:误:I wish you a good luck 正:I wish you good luck祝你好运。误:Its a great fun for us to be with her正:Its great fun for u
3、s to be with her误:He gave us some advices 正:He gave us some advice 2名词work的三种用法Where does Mr Smith work?He works in a glass_ around hereAwork Bworks Cworking Dworkes此题应选B。容易误选C,误认为:因为其前用了不定冠词a,所以不能选work(因为不可数)和works(因为是复数),D显然是错的。这里work有三个意思很容易弄混:1表示“工作”是不可数名词:He has too much work to do他要做的工作太多。2表示“
4、著作”或“作品”是可数名词,但多用复数:The man gained his wealth by printing words off amous writers他通过印刷著名作家的作品而赢得他的财富。3表示“工厂”只用复数形式,但可表示单数意义:The glass works isarenear the station玻璃工厂在车站附近。类似地注意以下各名词因变为复数形式,而导致含义有变化:green 绿色 greens 青菜,蔬菜 wood 木头,木材woods 小树林 manner 方式,方法 manners 礼貌arm 臂 arms武器 water 水waters河川,海,温泉spir
5、it 精神 spirits 心境 quarter 四分之一quarters 军营 custom 习惯 customs 关税 force 力气 forces 军队3可以说Two teas,please吗Can I help you?_,pleaseATwo teas BTwo cups of teas CTwo cup teas DTwo cup of tea此题应选A。其余几项都容易被误选。要做好此题,先要弄清tea的两种用法:1表示“茶”,是物质名词,不可数:I dont like to drink tea我不喜欢喝茶。Would you like a cup of tea?要喝杯茶吗?2在
6、口语中可以表示“一杯茶”,是可数名词;What can I do for you?你要吃点什么?Two teas,please请来两杯茶。但是值得注意的是,虽然以上两种用法都可以,但千万不要将这两种用法混杂在一起。如可以说two teas,也可以说two cupsof tea,但是不能说two cups of teas。具有类似用法的词还有coffee(咖啡):1表示“咖啡”,是物质名词,不可数:I prefer tea to coffee我喜欢喝茶不喜欢喝咖啡。He served us with two cups of coffee他用两杯咖啡招待我们。 2在口语中可以表示“一杯咖啡”,是可
7、数名词:Can I help you?你要点什么?Two coffees,please请来两杯咖啡。同时也要注意不要将以上两种用法混在一起。如可以说two coffees,也可以说two cups of coffee,但是绝对不能说two cups of coffees。 4hair用不用-s差别很大aHe must be very oldLook,he has grey _bHe found some_ in his soupAhair,hair Bhairs,hairsChair,hairs Dhairs,hair此题应选C。容易误选A,误认为hair永远不可数。其实hair这个词既可以是
8、可数的,也可以是不可数,只是含义稍有变化:1作为可数名词,是指一根一根的“头发”或“毛发”:Look at this,a hair in my soup你瞧,我的汤里有根头发。The cat has left her loose hairs all over my clothes猫掉的毛弄得我衣服上到处都是。My father has quite a few gray hairs我父亲已有不少白发。There is not a gray hair on his head他头上没有一根白头发。2作为不可数名词是“头发”的总称,是集合名词:Ill have my hair cut我要去理发。He
9、has blond hair他有一头金发。She has a beautiful head of hair她有一头漂亮的头发。The woman likes to do her hair in foreign style这个女人喜欢把头发梳成外国式。试比较以下句子:He has grey hair他满头白发。He has grey hairs他有些白发了。5你会用dozen,score,hundred,thousand,mil lion吗I want three_ these eggsAdozen Bdozens Cdozen of Ddozens of此题涉及两个方面的问题:一是dozen是
10、否加词尾-s,二是其后是否接介词of。由于在这个问题上dozen与score,hundred,thousand,million极为相似,所以这里将它们放在一起叙述:1)当这些词与具体数字连用时,不用复数形式,也不后接介词of(尽管有人认为score/dozen之后有时可接of,但惯用法认为,省略of常见):three hundred students 300名学生three score(of)eggs 60只鸡蛋2)当这些词不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数,则不仅要用复数形式,而且要后接介词of,然后才能后接名词:thousands of students数千名学生dozens of
11、times几十次millions of years ago数百万年前3)当这些词与a few,several,many等数目不很具体的词连用时,用不用复数形式均可,但是注意:不用复数形式,其后的介词of可以省略;用复数形式,其后介词of不能省略:several dozen(of) pencilsseveral dozens of pencils几打铅笔4)当这些词后面的名词有了the,these,those等特指限定词修饰时,或其后接的是us,them这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词of:two hundred of the workers这些工人中的200人 threedozen of t
12、hese eggs这些鸡蛋中的3打four dozen of them它们中的4打通过以上分析:此题答案显然只能是C。6容易弄错的集合名词It is reported that a great number of _died in the droughtAcattles Bpolices Cpeoples Dpoultry此题应选D。其余几项均可能被误选。此题主要涉及集合名词的用法,下面将集合名词的有关用法作一归纳:形式,但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语通常也用复数;不与a(n)连用,但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指):The police are looking for himPeopl
13、e will laugh at you类:这一类包括family(家庭),team(队),class(班),audience(听众)等,其用法特点为:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。比较:This class consists of 45 pupils这个班由45个学生组成。This class are studying English now这个班的学生在学习英语。类:这一类包括baggage/luggage(行李), clothing(衣服),furniture(家俱),machinery(机器)等,其用法特点为:是不可数名词,要用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不
14、能用数词),没有复数形式:Our clothing protects us fromagainst the cold我们的衣服可以御寒。Have you checked all your baggage?你所有行李都托运了吗? 7means用法易错点Every possible means_ been tried,and wefind only_ this means can we do it wellAhave,in Bhave,by Chas,in Dhas,by此题应选D。其余几项均容易被误选。这里主要涉及名词means(方式,方法,手段)的用法与搭配:1单复数同形(永远有词尾-s)。若
15、用作主语,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较:)All possible means have been tried)Every possible means has been tried若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数,其谓语则用单数或复数均可:Is Are there any other means of doing it?做这事还有其它的什么办法吗?类:这一类包括cattle(牛),people(人),police(警察),poultry(家禽)等,其用法特点为:只有单数 2表示以某种方式、方法或手段,用介词by:Only by this means can you do it well只有通过这种办法你才能做好此事。有时用by means of,意为:用,依*:Thoughts are expressed by means of words思想*语言来表达。3表示做某事的方法或手段,多接“of(动)名词”:But they had no means of cookin