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1、2022年考博英语-西北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Although they are an inexpensive supplier of vitamins, minerals, and high-quality protein, eggs also contain a high level of blood cholesterol, one of the major causes of heart disease. One egg yolk, in fact, contains a little more than two-thirds of the sugge
2、sted daily cholesterol limit. This knowledge has caused egg sales to plummet in recent years, which in turn has brought about the development of several alternatives to eating regular eggs. One alternative is to eat substitute eggs. These egg substitutes having lower cholesterol rates, and they can
3、be scrambled or used in baking. One disadvantage, however, is that they are not good for frying, poaching, or boiling. A second alternative to regular eggs is a new type of egg, sometimes called “designer” eggs. These eggs are produced by hens that are fed low-fat diets consisting of ingredients suc
4、h as canola oil, flax, and rice bean. In spite of their diets, however, these hens produce eggs that contain the same amount of cholesterol as regular eggs. Yet, the producers of these eggs claim that eating their eggs will not raise the blood cholesterol in humans.Egg producers claim that their pro
5、duct has been portrayed unfairly. They cite scientific studies to back up their claim. And, in fact, studies on the relationship between eggs and human cholesterol levels have brought mixed results. It may be that it is not the type of egg that is the main determinant of cholesterol but the person w
6、ho is eating the eggs. Some people may be more sensitive to cholesterol derived from food than other people. In fact, there is evidence that certain dietary fats stimulate the bodys production of blood cholesterol. Consequently, while it still makes sense to limit ones intake of eggs, even designer
7、eggs, it seems that doing this without regulating dietary fat will probably not help reduce the blood cholesterol level.1.What is the main purpose of this passage?2. According to the passage, which of the following is a cause of heart disease?3.According to the passage, what has been the cause for c
8、hanges in the sale of eggs?4.According to the passage, one egg yolk contains approximately what fraction of the suggested daily limit for human consumption of cholesterol?5.According to the passage, egg substitutes cannot be used to make any of the following types of eggs EXCEPT （ ）.问题1选项A.to inform
9、 people about the relationship between eggs and cholesterolB.to convince people to eat “designer” eggs and egg substitutesC.to persuade people that eggs are unhealthy and should not be eatenD.to introduce the idea that dietary fat increases the blood cholesterol level问题2选项A.mineralsB.cholesterolC.vi
10、taminsD.canola oil问题3选项A.dietary changes in hensB.decreased productionC.increasing priceD.a shrinking market问题4选项A.l/3B.l/2C.2/3D.3/4问题5选项A.scrambledB.friedC.poachedD.boiled【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是鸡蛋里面含有胆固醇，对人体产生影响，所以本文的目的是告诉人们鸡蛋和胆固醇之间的关系，选项A正确。2.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“.eggs also con
11、tain a high level of blood cholesterol, one of the major causes of heart disease.”鸡蛋也含有高水平的血液胆固醇，是心脏病的主要原因之一。所以选项B正确。3.推理判断题。根据第一段二三四句“One egg yolk,.One alternative is to eat substitute eggs.”事实上，一个蛋黄的胆固醇含量仅略高于建议的每日胆固醇上限的三分之二。这一认识导致鸡蛋销量近年来直线下降，这反过来又带来了几种食用普通鸡蛋的替代品的开发。一种选择是吃鸡蛋替代品。由此可知，是因为使用了替代品，原有的市场
12、萎缩了，所以选项D正确。4.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“One egg yolk, in fact, contains a little more than two-thirds of the suggested daily cholesterol limit.”一个蛋黄的胆固醇含量仅略高于建议的每日胆固醇上限的三分之二。选项中高于三分之二的只有3/4，所以选项D符合题意。5.推理判断题。根据第一段“One disadvantage, however, is that they are not good for frying, poaching, or boiling.”可知选项A正确。2.
13、 单选题The use of robots and automated machinery has eliminated certain （ ）factory jobs.问题1选项A.thrillingB.timidC.enticingD.tedious【答案】D【解析】thrilling 激动人心的；令人兴奋的；timid 胆 小的，羞怯的；enticing 有吸引力的，诱人的；tedious 沉闷的，冗长乏味的。句意：机器人和自动化机器的使用消除了某些单调乏味的工厂工作。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题In a theoretical model of decision making, a d
14、ecision is defined as the process of selecting one option from among a group of options for implementation. Decisions are formed by a decision maker, the one who actually chooses the final option, in conjunction with a decision unit, all of those in the organization around the decision maker who tak
15、e part in the process. In this theoretical model, the members of the decision unit react to an unidentified problem by studying the problem, determining the objectives of the organization, formulating options, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each of the decision, including the nature of the problem itself, external forces exerting an influence on the organization, the internal dynamics of the decision unit, and the personality of the decision maker. Additionally, when a decision must be made in a crisis situation, both stress and the speed at which events a
