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1、被动语态要点归纳被动语态是初中英语教材的重要内容，也是中考经常考查的知识点。在此进行总结归纳，以帮助同学 们能够掌握该知识点。一、被动语态概述。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese,谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者。二、被动语态的构成。被动语态由”助动词be+及物动
2、词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来 的。常用时态的被动语态的构成：一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词 如：The flowers are watered every day.一般过去时： was/were +过去分词 如：The house was built by the workers last year.现在进行时：am/is/are+ being+过去分词 如：His father is being sent to the hospital.现在完成时：have/has +been+过去分词 如：The work has been finished
3、by them.一般将来时:will/shall+ be+过去分词 如：The bridge will be built in two months.含情态动词的句子：can/must 等+be+过去分词 如：Can your homework be handed in soon?三、被动语态的用法。（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night, 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This bridge was founded in 1981 .这座桥竣工于 1981 年。（2）强调动作的承受者
4、，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time .你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法。主动语态的句子变被动语态的步骤：1. 句子的主语变为宾语，前面加by （主语是人称代词时须变为宾格）。2. 句子的宾语变为主语。3. 谓语动词的主动形式变为被动形式（时态保持不变）。如： He cleans his bedroom every day His bedroom is
5、 cleaned by him every day.五、被动语态的特殊情况。1. 动词不定式在使役性动词“make，let”等及感官动词“hear, watch , see,等动词后作宾语补足语时，常省略。但变为被动语态时，后面要跟带的动词不定式。如：Tom is made to do some housework every day.2. 实义动词 need的被动语态不是is/are +needed 或 need +be+过去分词，而是 need+ to+ be+ done或 need +doing， 如： His house needs to be repaired by him./ Hi
6、s house needs repairing by him.3. 含有短语动词的主动句变为被动句。短语动词是固定词组，是不可分开的一个整体，因此在变为被动语态的时候，不可丢掉其中的任何一个 词，如：The children are taken good care of by her.4. 含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句。有些动词后面带有两个宾语：间接宾语夺旨人)，直接宾语(指物)，这种结构叫双宾语。含有双宾语的主 动句变为被动句的方法有两种：1)将间接宾语变为被动句的主语，保留直接宾语，如：【was given some new books by my uncle. g直接宾语变为被动句的主语
7、，保留直接宾语，但是间接宾语前须加介词to或for 如：Some new books were given to me by mu uncle. A dictionary was bought for me by my father.被动语态跟踪练习题一、根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Football(play) by Tom yesterday.2. A letter (write) to his pen friend by him now.3. The workers(make)(work) more than ten hours every day.4. The classr
8、oom(clean) by Jack on Wednesday.5. That film(see) twice by us.6. Some trees(plant) by the students next week.7. Li Lei often(hear)(sing) English songs.8. Their homework(can, finish) on time.二、句型转换：1. Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in tha改为被动r鲁态)They were heard Peaking Opera in that thea
9、ter last Sunday.2. We clean our classroom twice 改da被动语态)Our classroom twice a day.3. People grow cotton in North(改为相动语态)Cotton in North China.4. Can we grow tomatoes at this time 变为同义句)Can tomatoes at this time of year.5. Do you often do your homework in the ev变面g?义句)your homework often in the evening?答案：一、1. was played 2. is being writt3e.n are made, to wor4k. is cleaned5. has been see6n.will be plante7d.is,heard, to si8n.gcan be finished二、1.to, sing 2. is, cleaned 3. is, grown4.be grown 5. Is, done
