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1、2013年高考英语一轮复习学案专题21：短文改错【备考策略】如何做短文改错：第一步： 审题。通读全文， 了解大意。全面把握文章整体(时态、 题材及内容)。 第二步： 重读全文， 应先确定一些明显的错误， 以便疏通短文， 化繁为简， 为后面解题打开思路。许多问题可在这一阶段得到解决。从词法、 句法到行文逻辑三方面着手， 逐句而不是逐行地分析、 找错。第三步： 综观全篇， 看错误类型的比例是否得当、 前后逻辑是否一致、 有无前后矛盾等现象。第四步： 认真检查， 避免出现以下错误： 符号不规范； 一个词改为几个或几个改为一个； 该大写的未大写； 合成词只改了其中一部分等。综合近年的高考题我们可以看出
2、主要在以下语法项目上设题：1.名词和限制词的搭配主要涉及可数与不可数名词与冠词、指示代词、物主代词的错误搭配，以及名词的单复数的误用。2.动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间杂有另一时态的现象，以及动词的谓语与非谓语形式、非谓语动词之间的误用。3.代词的误用主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反；应当用形容词性的物主代词用了名词性等。4.数词的误用主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，以及hundred, thousand, dozen, score等词和具体数量词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。5.形容词与副词主要涉及到形容词和副词的原级
3、、比较级与最高级的误用，以及形容词和副词的误用等。6.考查英语中的并列现象常见的短语结构包括非谓语，并列句等7.考查上下文的逻辑关系主要查看文章自身前后叙述是否矛盾等8.一些相似结构的误用9.惯用法的搭配考点解析考点一、名词一、考点规律分析短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数,即在该用复数的地方误用其单数,或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。二、真题单句归纳1. Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew making a new film with one
4、 of my favourite actor. 2. He was right there in the front of me! 3. My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of day.4. In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports was steady,around three per weeks. 5. Tom was having much troubles getting u
5、p in the morning and was always late for work.6. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.7. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. 8. I was playing at my cousin house.9. Although her English is a little hard to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a
6、lot about our own family.三、改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系。考点二、时态一、考点规律分析动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别,其命题方式通常是在一个一般现在时的背景下误用某个一般过去时；或者反过来,在一个一般过去时的背景下误用某个一般现在时。从所涉及的动词来看,主要涉及be 和 have两个常用动词。有时也涉及其他时态,如一般将来时,现在完成时等,但很少见。二、真题单句归纳1. Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and
7、actor couldnt be seen anywhere.2. When I finally arrived at my friends he lent me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.3. She knows what had happened, but she thanked me and never mentioned it again.4. We became friends shortly after we meet each other.三、改正方法:现在时
8、与过去时的误用,句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文,着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去,突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。考点三、动词一、动词考点规律分析动词考点归纳的是除动词时态与非谓语动词之外的动词考点,它包括被动语态、情态动词、动词形式的变化、动词用法辨析、动词 be 的误加与漏用等。二、真题单句归纳1. I couldnt believe my luck-not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!2. However, my fa
9、ther had to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon.3. I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy playing with the toy or faced my cousin again;考点四、主谓一致一、考点规律分析从广义来说,英语中的一致问题涉及多个方面,如主谓一致、人称的一致、并列结构的前后一致等。由于人称的一致已归入“代词”考点、并列结构的前后一致已分别归入非谓语动词、时态等,所以这里只归纳主谓一致问题。
10、二、真题单句归纳1. In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports were steady,around three per week. 2. Luckily I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on.3. Katia,like many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. 三、改正方法:分清主语考点五、多词一、考点规律分析多词错误主要涉及英语中一些“小”词,如冠词、介词、不
11、定式符号、人称代词、动词 be、比较级more等。具体说来,多词错误可能涉及的问题有：及物动词后接宾语时误加介词,在该用动词原形的地方误加不定式符号to,在物质名词、抽象名词、复数名词等表示泛指时误加定冠词,在一些可直接用作状语的短语前误加介词in, on, for 等,误加一些导致语义重复的小词（如two 与both连用,all 与whole 连用等）,在本身已是比较级的词前误加more,在不是从句的地方误加从句“引导词”,在一些习惯用语和固定表达中误加不该用的“小词”（如冠词、介词、副词等）,等等。二、真题单句归纳1. My brother was so much fond of the
12、museums there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of days.2. He wrote an article,which said that all UFO reports could be explained for quite naturally by aircraft movements.3. His boss wanted to fire him if he didnt start coming on time,so he went to the doctor for a help. 4. When I fi
13、nally arrived at my friends he lent to me lots of clothes. 5. I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or face my cousin again; 6. Now, we are planning a small party for the next Sunday.（10） Though I am a student now, I will work as very hard to make my dre
14、am come true. 考点六、缺词一、考点规律分析与多词错误的情形相似,缺词也主要涉及英语中一些“小”词,如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词 be等。具体说来,漏词错误可能涉及的问题有：不及物动词后接宾语时漏加必要的介词,在该带不定式符号to的地方漏加 to,在单数可数名词表示泛指意义时漏加必要的限定词（尤其是漏加不定冠词）,漏掉表特指的定冠词,漏掉被动语态中的助动词 be,漏加系表结构中的连系动词 be,漏加一些常用结构或表达中的介词（如漏掉 a lot of 中的 of,漏掉 because of 中的 of,漏掉 instead of 中的 of等）,漏掉某些从句的“引导词”
15、（通常会导致意义不通）,等等。二、真题单句归纳1. I didnt have my camera with me at that time, so I rushed back home to get . 2. The commanding officer,Wayne Tyler,who directly responsible for the study of all such repsorts,decided to make his findings known. 3. He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first re
16、ach the factory.4. I was going to visit a friend there and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday.5. I put into my pocket when he wasnt looking. 6. This is the first time that Ive been away my family for such a long time. 考点七、介词一、考点规律分析短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误
