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1、、非金属单质（F2,Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si,H）1、氧化性：Fz+H=2HF（阴暗处爆炸）F2+Xe（过量）=XeE2F2（过量）+Xe=XeF（XeF4就是强氧化剂，能将Mn+氧化为MnO）nF2+2M=2MFn（展示大部分金属）2F2+2HO=4HF+O水就是还原剂）2F2+2NaOH=2NaF+OH2OF2+2NaCl=2NaF+C2lF2+2NaBr=2NaF+BrF2+2NaI=2NaF+2F2（过量）+I2=2IF7F2+Cl2（等体积）=2ClF（ClF属于类卤素：ClF+H2O=HF+HClO）3F2（过量）+Cl2=2ClF3（ClF3+3HO=3HF+HC3O
2、Cl2+H2HCl（将H在Cl2点燃；混合点燃、加热、光照发生爆炸）3Cl2+2P2PCl3Cl2+PCl3PCl5Cl2+2Na2NaCl3Cl2+2Fe2FeCl3Cl2+CuCuCl2Cl2+2FeCl2=2FeC3（在水溶液中:Cl2+2Fe2+=2Fe+3Cl）Cl2+2NaBr=2NaCl+BrCl2+2Br=2Cl+Br2Cl2+2KI=2KCl+I2Cl2+2I=2Cl+I23cl2（过量）+2KI+3H2O=6HCl+KIO3Cl2+I+3HO=6H+6Cl+IO35Cl2+12+6HO=2HIG10HCl5Cl2+I2+6HO=10Cl+IO3+1214Cl2+NaS=2N
3、aCl+理Cl2+S2=2Cl+SJCl2+HS=2HCl+理（水溶液中：Cl2+HS=2H+2Cl+SJCl2+SO+2HO=HSO+2HClCl2+SO+2HO=4I+SO2+2ClCl2+HQ=2HCl+OCl2+HQ=2l4+Cl+Q2Q+3FeFeaC4O2+K=KOS+H H2S2S+C CSS+Zn ZnSS+FeFeS（既能由单质制取，又能由离子制取）S+2CuCuS（只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取）3S+2AlAl20（只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取）N2+3H2 2NH3N2+3Ba Ba3N2N+6Rb 2RbNP4+6H2 4PH3M+3Mg M”N2+6Na 2NaN
4、N2+2Al 2AlNP+3Na Na3PN2+3Ca CaNN 2+6K 2K3N2P+3Zn ZRF2+2Li2LiH2、还原性S+OSO2S+H2SO（浓）3SO2T+2HOS+6HNO浓）H2SO+6NOT+2H2OS+4H+6=6NOT+2HO+3S+4HNO稀)3SO2+4NOT+2HO3S+4A+43SC2+4NO?+2H2ON+Q2NO4P+5OP4Oo(常写成RO)2P+3X2PX3(X表示F2,Cl2,Br2)PX3+%PXP4+20HNO浓)4H3PO+20NOT+4HOC+2FCF4C+2cI2CCI4C+软足量)CO22C+O(少量)2COC+CO2COC+KOCO+
5、H生成水煤气)2C+SiOSi+2CO(制得粗硅)Si(粗)+2CI2SiCI4(SiCI4+2H=Si(纯)+4HCI)Si(粉)+QSiO2Si+CSiC(金刚砂)(Si+2OH +H2O= +2H T )(CI 2+HO H+CI +HCIO)(CI 2+2OH =CI +CIO +HO)(CI 2+2OH=CI +CIO +HO)(3CI 2+6OH 5CI +CIQ(3S+6OH 2S2 +SO2 +3HO)(4P+3OH +3HO=PHT +3HPO )Si+2NaOH+H)=NgSiO3+2HT3、歧化反应CI2+HO=HCI+HCIO(口碱或光照促进歧化：CI2+2NaOH=N
6、aCI+NaCIO+HCI2+2Ca(OH)=CaC2+Ca(CIO)2+2HO3CI2+6KOH鼠)5KCI+KCIO3+3HO+3H2O)3S+6NaOH2NS+NaSO+3HO4P+3KOFT2Al+3H2SO=Al2（SQ）3+3HT2A1+6H+=2Al+3HT2A1+6H2sO（浓）=A12（SQ） 3+3SO+6HO A1+4HNQ 稀尸=人1的。3）3+N6 +2H2O 2A1+2NaOH+22O=2NaA1G3H T 2Fe+3Br2=2FeBi3 3Fe+2Q FeOFe+I2 Fei 2（A1,Fe 在冷，浓的HSO,HNO中钝化） A1+4H+NO =A13+NOt +
7、2H2O2A1+2OH +2HO=2A1O +3H T2Fe+Q 2FeO （炼钢过程）Fe+SFeS（FeS既能由单质制备，又能由离子制备）3Fe+4HO（g）Fe3O+4HTFe+2HC1=FeC2+HTFe+2H+=Fe2+HtFe+CuC2=FeCb+CuFe+Cu2+=Fe2+Cu；Fe+SnC4=FeCb+SnCb（铁在酸性环境下，不能把四氯化锡完全还原为单质锡Fe+SnC2=FeC12+SnJFe+Sn2+=Fe2+SnJ三.非金属氢化物（HF,HC1,H2O,H2S,NH3）金属氢化物（NaH）1、还原性：4HC1（浓）+MnOMnC12+C12T+2HO4Hh+2C1+MnO
8、Mn2+C12T+2H2O4HC1（浓）+PbQPbC12+C12T+2HO4Hh+2C1+PbOPb2+C12T+2H2O4HC1（g）+O22C12+2HO16HC1+2KMnO=2KC1+2MnG1+5c12T+8H2O16H+10C1-+2MnO=2Mn+5C12T+8HO6HC1+KC1O=KC1+3CbT+3HO6Hh+5C1+C1Q=3C12T+3HO14HC1+KCr2Q=2KC1+2CrCb+3C12T+7H2O14Hh+6C1+C2Q2=2Cr3+5C12T+7HO2HO+2F=4HF+O2HC1+E=2HF+C2（F2气与HC1、HBr、HI、HS、NH气体不能共存）2H
9、Br+C12=2HC1+Br2（C12气与HBr、HI、HS、NH气体不能共存）2H2S+30（足量）2SO2+2HO2H2S+O（少量）2S；+2HO2HS+SO=3SJ+2HOH2S+HSO（浓）=S；+SOT+2HO3H2S+2HNO稀）=3SJ+2NO?+4HO3HS+2A+2NO=3SJ+2NO?+4HO5HS+2KMnO3HSO=2MnSO&SO+5Sj+8H2O5HS+2MnO+6Ff=2Mrn+5S；+8H2O3HS+KCr2O+4HSO=CrSQ）3+K2SQ+3S；+7HO3HS+CrO2+8FI=2Cr3+3S；+7HOH2S+4NaQ+2HO=N曲O+6NaOHHS+4
10、NaQ+2HO=8Na+2NH3h3CuO3Cuh2Nh3H2O2NH+3c12=N+6HC18NHs+3C12=N+6NHC1NH+NaN分HC1=NaC1+NT+2H2ONH+NO+l4=NT+2HO4NH+3O（纯氧）2N2+6HO4NH+5O4NO+6HO4NH+6NO=5N6Ho（用氨清除NO）NaH+HO=NaOH+H（生氢齐1）NaH+2O=Na+OH+H214NaH+TiCkTi+4NaCl+2H2TCaH2+2HO=Ca（OH）J+2H2T2、酸性：4HF+SiO=SiF4+2HO测定矿样或钢样中SiO2的含量，玻璃雕刻）4HF+Si=SiR+2HT2HF+CaC2=CaF+
11、2HClHzS+Fe=FeS+HTH2S+CuC2=CuS+2HC1（弱酸制强酸的典型反应）H2S+Cu+=CuS；+2HH2S+2AgNO=AgSj+2HNOHS+2A京AgSj+2H1H2S+HgC2=HgS+2HClH2S+Hg=HgS；+2H+HbS+Pb（N（3）2=PbS；+2HNO（铅试纸检验空气中H2S）HS+Pb+=PbSj+2H+H2s+2Ag=Ag5+HT（银器在空气中变黑的原因）2NH（液）+2Na=2NaNH+HT（NaNH+HO=NaOH+NH）3、NH的碱性：NH+Hl=NH+NH+HX=N4X（X:F、Cl、Br、I、S）NH+HN=NHNO2NH+HSO=（N
12、H）2SONH+HkNHfNH+NaCl+HO+C2=NaHCONHCl（侯德榜制碱：用于工业制备小苏打，苏打）NH+HS=NHHSNH3+HS=NHf+HS4、不稳定性：2HFH2+F22HClH2+Cl22H2O2H+O2HQ=2HO+OH2SH2+S2NH3N2+3H2HIH2+I2四.非金属氧化物(SSNONONQ、NNO、NO、COCQSiO2、P2Q、P2Q、Cl2OCQCl2O、Cl2。、ClO2)1、低价态的还原性：(SO2、CONO)2SO+O+2HO=22SO(这就是SO在大气中缓慢发生的环境化学反应)2SO+O 2SO3 SO2+NO=SO+NOSO+Cl2+2HO=HSO+2HClSO+Br2+2HO=bSO+2HBrSO+l2+2HO=HSO+2HICl2+SO+2HO=4H+SO2 +2ClBr2+SO+2HO=4H+SO2 +2Br12+SO+2HO=4H+SO2 +2I2NO+Q=2NONO+NO2NaOH=2NaNOl于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的NOtNO）NO+NO2OH=2N。2CO+O2CQCO+CuOCu+GO3CO+Fe 2Fe+3CO2、氧化
