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1、第八讲名词性从句考点1what和that引导的名词性从句1We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20，half of_ it used to charge.(2017江苏，26)Athat BwhichCwhat Dhow答案C解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。从句意看，本句的half of部分在句中作 20的同位语，由此可知这里要用what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语，因此选
2、C。2It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏，21) Awhy Bwhat Cas Dthat答案D解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故要用that引导。3The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京，29)
3、Awhat Bthat Cwhether Dwhy答案B解析考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知，is后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故选B。4A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not _ ships are built for.(2015安徽，25)Awhat BwhomCwhy Dwhen答案A解析考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：船停在港口里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。空格处引导的从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，故选A。why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语；w
4、hom指人。5If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(2015浙江，6)Awhat BwhoCthat Dwhoever答案A解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话，务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。分析句子结构可知，此处investigate后跟宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用what引导。who与whoever都可以作主
5、语，但是不符合句意；that在名词性从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。考点归纳1what引导名词性从句的五种用法：(1)表示“的东西或事情”： Theyve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了她。He saves what he earns.他赚多少，积蓄多少。 (2)表示“的人或的样子”： He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的那个样子了。 Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？(3)表示“的数量或数目”： Our income
6、 is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。 (4)表示“时间”： After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。 The young girl was too frightened to speak，standin
7、g there for what seemed like hours.小女孩吓得不敢说话，大概在那儿站了几个小时。 (5)表示“的地方”： This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。 In 1492，Columbus reached what is now called America.1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。 2what 与that引导名词性从句时的区别：两者均可引导主语、表语、宾语从句。that 可引导同位语从句，但 what 通常不用于引导同位语从句；what 可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语，意为“什么”或“
8、所的”，而 that 仅起连接作用，本身没有实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分(引导宾语从句时通常可以省略，如果有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句，第一个从句的引导词that可以省略，其余的不能省略)。He doesnt know what she likes.他不知道她喜欢什么。I believe (that) he will come to see us.我相信他会来看我们的。I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这儿。考点2同位语从句与定语从句的区别1The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should
9、have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津，11)Awhether Bthat Cwhich Dwhat 答案B解析考查同位语从句的引导词。句意为：经理提了个建议我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项。2After investigation，the police found out one clue _ voices were heard calling for help from some very distant
10、place that day.(2016南京、盐城高三一模，26)Awhere BwhenCthat Dwhose 答案C 解析句意为：在调查之后，警察发现了一条线索，那天有人听到远处某个地方传来了呼救声。设空处引导同位语从句，从句意义、结构完整，应用that引导，补充说明one clue的具体内容。考点归纳1判断是同位语从句还是定语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。The notice that the meeting had to be put off was true.(同位语从句) 会议不得不推迟的通知是
11、真的。The notice was that the meeting had to be put off.The notice that he read just now was true.(定语从句)他刚才读的那则通知是真的。2在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式：(should)动词原形。常见的名词有demand，request，advice，suggestion，order，plan，proposal等。The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted.在这里修建一座新桥的建议被采纳了。考点3
12、名词性从句中whether与if的比较1She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadnt.(2017天津，4)Awhen BwhereCwhether Dwhat答案C解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：她问我是否(whether)已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认还没还。when什么时候；where在哪里；what什么，均不符合语境。2We have offered him the position，but I dont have the slightest idea _ he wi
13、ll accept it.Ahow BifCwhether Dthat答案C解析考查同位语从句的引导词。句意为：我们给他提供了这个职位，但是不知道他是否会接受。whether he will accept it是对前面名词idea内容的补充说明。在同位语从句中表“是否”只可用whether不可用if。3It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.Awhether BwhenCwhich Dwhere答案A解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：老汽车站
14、是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。由or not可知此处应用连接词whether。whether.or not意为“是否”。考点归纳whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但与or或or not连用时只能用whether；从句作介词的宾语时只能用whether。在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。I asked the teacher whether/if it was true.我问老师这是否是真的。It all depends on whether theyll help us.这完全取决于他们是否帮助我们。The question was
15、 whether Tom has gone to Shanghai.问题是汤姆是否到上海去了。The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been discussed.这个问题是否正确还没讨论。考点4when，where，how，why引导的名词性从句1Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing _ she was heading.(2017北京，26)Awhy BwhereChow Dwhen答案B解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里(where)。why为什么；how怎样
