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1、 美国公平信用报告法（FCRA）译本译者：billtown billtonn.blog.163./公平信用报告法是本人于2002年为研究信用立法而做的基础工作，现分三篇全文送上，欢迎批评指正。THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACTTABLE OF CONTENTS601 Short title小标题602 Congressional findings and statement of purpose 国会决定和目的说明603 Definitions; rules of construction 定义：法律解释规则604 Permissible purposes of con
2、sumer reports 消费者报告可允许达到的目的605 Requirements relating to information contained in consumer reports对消费者报告有关信息的要求 606 Disclosure of investigative consumer reports 经调查的消费者报告的披露607 pliance procedures 须遵守的程序608 Disclosures to governmental agencies 向政府机构披露609 Disclosures to consumers 向消费者披露610 Conditions a
3、nd form of disclosure to consumers 对消费者披露的条件和格式611 Procedure in case of disputed accuracy 准确性争议发生时的处理程序612 Charges for certain disclosures 对某些披露收取的费用613 Public record information for employment purposes 为就业目的提供公共记录信息614 Restrictions on investigative consumer reports 对经调查的消费者报告的限制615 Requirements on
4、users of consumer reports 对消费者报告使用者的要求616 Civil liability for willful nonpliance 故意某的民事责任617 Civil liability for negligent nonpliance 过失某的民事责任618 Jurisdiction of courts; limitation of actions 法院管辖权：诉讼时效619 Obtaining information under false pretenses 受欺诈而获取的信息620 Unauthorized disclosures by officers
5、or employees 职员或雇员未经授权的披露621 Administrative enforcement 行政执行622 Information on overdue child support obligations 未尽儿童抚养义务的有关信息623 Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies向消费者报告机构提供信息的人的责任624 Relation to State laws 与州法律的关系625 Disclosures to FBI for counterintellige
6、nce purposes为反间谍目的而向联邦调查局披露626 Disclosures to governmental agencies for counterterrorism purposes为反恐怖行为目的而向政府机构披露601. Short title 小标题This title may be cited as the Fair Credit Reporting Act.此小标题为“公平信用报告法”。 602. Congressional findings and statement of purpose 15 U.S.C. 1681国会决定和目的陈述(a) Accuracy and f
7、airness of credit reporting. The Congress makes the following findings:信用报告的准确性和公平性。国会作出如下决定：(1) The banking system is dependent upon fair and accurate credit reporting. Inaccurate credit reports directly impair the efficiency of the banking system, and unfair credit reporting methods undermine the
8、public confidence which is essential to the continued functioning of the banking system. 金融业系统建立在公平及准确的信用报告基础之上。不准确的信用报告会直接影响金融系统的效率。不公平的信用报告方法会削弱公众的信心，影响金融业持续发展的基础。(2) An elaborate mechanism has been developed for investigating and evaluating the credit worthiness, credit standing, credit capacity,
9、 character, and general reputation of consumers.已有一套精心设计的机制用以调查及评估消费者的信用价值、信用状况、信用能力、信用品格和一般名誉。(3) Consumer reporting agencies have assumed a vital role in assembling and evaluating consumer credit and other information on consumers. 消费者报告机构承担了收集、评估消费者信用及其他有关信息的重要职责。(4) There is a need to insure tha
10、t consumer reporting agencies exercise their grave responsibilities with fairness, impartiality, and a respect for the consumers right to privacy. 必须确保消费者报告机构在履行其职责时是公正无私的，并尊重消费者的隐私权。(b) Reasonable procedures. It is the purpose of this title to require that consumer reporting agencies adopt reasonab
11、le procedures for meeting the needs of merce for consumer credit, personnel, insurance, and other information in a manner which is fair and equitable to the consumer, with regard to the confidentiality, accuracy, relevancy, and proper utilization of such information in accordance with the requiremen
12、ts of this title. 合理的程序。设定这一标题的目的是要求消费者报告机构根据本标题的要求，适用合理的程序，用对消费者公平、公正的方法，秘密、准确、中肯而适当地使用这些信息，以满足商业对消费者信用、个人资料、保险及其他信息的需要。 603. Definitions; rules of construction 15 U.S.C. 1681a定义；解释规则(a) Definitions and rules of construction set forth in this section are applicable for the purposes of this title. 本
13、节提出的定义及解释规则适用于本部分标题的目的。(b) The term person means any individual, partnership, corporation, trust, estate, cooperative, association, government or governmental subdivision or agency, or other entity.“人”一词，指任何个人，合伙，公司，信托组织，不动产组织，合作社，团体协会，政府或政府所属部门，或其他实体。(c) The term consumer means an individual.消费者一词指
14、个人。(d) Consumer report.消费者报告。(1) In general. The term consumer report means any written, oral, or other munication of any information by a consumer reporting agency bearing on a consumers credit worthiness, credit standing, credit capacity, character, general reputation, personal characteristics, or
15、 mode of living which is used or expected to be used or collected in whole or in part for the purpose of serving as a factor in establishing the consumers eligibility for一般规定。 消费者报告是指由信用调查机构提供的有关消费者信用价值、信用状况、信用能力、信用品格、一般名誉、个人消费特点或生活方式的任何书面、口头及其他联系方式的信息。它被部分或全部地用于或准备用于确定一个消费者某种资格的因素。这种资格包括(A) credit or insurance to be used primarily for personal, family, or household purposes; 主要为个人、家庭取得贷款或获得保险目的；(B) employment purposes; or 就业目的；或(C) any o
