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1、识别高考阅读理解干扰项的七大法宝I. 基本原则1. 包含项原则 2正反项原则 3委婉项原则 4同形项原则5常识项原则 6集合项原则 7因果项原则II 具体解析1.包含项原则 在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其它三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A 与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在“花”与“玫瑰”两选项中，正确答案肯定是“花”，花包含了玫瑰, 因为玫瑰肯定是花，但花并不一定是玫瑰。Exercise1 Living in a residence hall (学生宿舍) carries certain obligation(义务). You have
2、 to be considerate of others, especially during study hours. Telephone calls and visits by friends should be short. You have to cooperate in keeping the room as sanitary(卫生) as possible. It is sometimes hard to be tolerant (宽容)of another persons habits that may differ from your own.Q. What must you
3、learn to be tolerant of if you live in a dormitory?A) Your roommate s telephone calls B) Habits that may differ from your ownC) Visits by your roommates friends D) Roommates who are unsanitaryExercise 2 The meeting, chaired by Premier Wen Jiabao, said the building of rapid-transit rail lines in citi
4、es should be carried out according to strict guidelines and management systems of such liens should be improved. It stressed that the amount of domestically made equipment used in such infrastructure projects needs to be increased Q2: In the building of the rail lines, _.A. more equipment made in Ch
5、ina should be usedB. more imported equipment should be usedC. more exported equipment should be usedD. more equipment used in infrastructure（基础） projects should be used2. 正反项原则所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾根据形式逻辑排中律知识：两个相互矛盾的判断不都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在阅读理解中，假设选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C)、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中取其一。Exercise 3They
6、feel they are poor listeners when they think about something else while the other is talking or when they are tired, or not interested in what she or he is talking about. Most people listen only with their ears. Q: According to the passage, listening only with ears may happen to us when_A) we are em
7、otionally tired B) we are physically disabledC) we are so interested in the topic D) we are asked many questions再看一例：Exercise 4The main problem is that our neighbor worlds appear to be unsuitable for advanced life forms. The moon may be the case first, it has hardly any atmosphere. Venus is little b
8、etter, but the surface s temperature is very high. Mars with thin atmosphere and little water cannot support the living necessity of the animals. Q: There is unlikely any life on Venus because_.Ait has very thin atmosphere Bthe surface temperature is too hotCthe weather is too cold Dit is extremely
9、short of water3委婉项原则 所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition，tend to，be liable to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, the most, al
10、l, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly，already等等。Exercise 5With the prospect of coal and petroleum supplies depleted and with air pollution becoming as increasing concern, the major countries of the world are seeking alternate sources of energy. If a means to obtain energy from water,
11、 especially from the ocean, can be effected economically, it would furnish a never ending supply of energy, since 70% of the earths surface is ocean and another 10% is fresh water in rivers and lakes.From the beginning of time man has used water power as a source of work waterfalls and dams but thes
12、e are fresh water sources and are landlocked. The seas have contributed little or nothing in the way of power. The use of temperature variation between currents is one area of exploration. Ocean water is heated by the sun near the equator and drawn by the rotation of the earth toward the poles, wher
13、e it cools and drops toward the ocean floor and starts its journey back toward the equator. The differential (差别) between the two currents is 35 degrees to 45 degrees Fahrenheit and to use it the scientists must find the places where they run near land and are not too far away from each other. One a
14、rea that meets these requirements is the Caribbean Sea.Oceans also offer wave power, tides and the chemical propensities (倾向) of salt water as potential sources of energy. All these uses are theoretically possible. Britains Department of Energy is interested in wave power, using a string of tear dro
15、p devices that depend on very active wave areas and 100 feet depths. In addition to this, the British are working on a method that the Japanese have already put into practical use on a small scale for powering their navigational buoys. This method is called an oscillating (震荡)water column and rides
16、the waves with a series of cylinders having one-way air valves. Wave movement produces air under pressure that has only one escape route to a turbine (涡轮) that powers a generator.Q1: According to the first two paragraphs, _.A). the use of water is a completely new conceptB) the sea has already long been used as a way of
