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1、conjun cti on连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词(coordi nat ing conju nctio ns)和从属连词(subord inating conjunctions)。并列连词用来连接平行的词、 词组和分句。女口： and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, bothand, not only but also, either or,neither nor, (and) then 等。上述并列连
2、词又可分为：一般连词(simple conjunction ),关联连词(correlativeconj unction )coord in ati ng conjunct(并列连词),or, not only but also, as well as等表示并歹UShe plays (both) the pia no and the guitar. = If you make up your mind, youllget the cha nee.Make up your mind, and youll get the cha nee.There is no air or water in th
3、e moon. =There is no air and no water on the moon.She plays not only the pia no but (also) the guitar.Neither you nor he is to blame.注意：(1) not onlybut also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。如:Notonly does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.neithernor意思为”既不也不谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。请选择：
4、I don t like chicke nfish.I dont like chicken,I like fish very much.A. and;andB. and; butC. or;butD. or ; and改错：We will die without air and water.We cant live without air or water.2. 表示选择or意思为“否则”。eg. I must work hard, or ni fail in the exam.eitheror意思为“或者或者”。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。eg. Either you or I am righ
5、t.3. 表示转折或对比but表示转折，while表示对比。选择比较下面两句：(1) Some people love cats,others hate them.(2) - Would you like to come to dinner toni ght-I d like to,I m too busy.A. and B. so C. while D. butnotbut意思为“不是而是“ not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。eg. They were not the bones of an ani mal, but (the bon es) of a huma n being.4.
6、表原因for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。so, thereforeeg. He hurt his leg, so he could n t play in the game.注意：两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore, the n, yet例外。eg. You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.(错)He hurt his leg, and therefore he could n t play in the game.(对)改错： For he is ill, he is abse nt toda
7、y.Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work.subord in ati ng conjun cti on（从属连词）英语从属连词（subordinating conjunction）用来连接各种从句。由从属连词引导的句子通常叫从句，而把含有从句的句子叫作复合句。从属连词大致可分为如下三大类：引导状语从句的从属连词 引导名词性从句的从属连词 引导定语从句的从属连词1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词（1）表示当时候”或每当”的时间连词。主要的有whe n, while, as, whe never:He jumped up
8、 whe n the phone rang.电话铃响时他吓了一跳。We liste ned while the teacher read.老师朗读时我们听着。The pho ne rang just as I was leavi ng.我正要离开，电话铃就响了起来。 表示在之前（或之后）”的时间连词。主要的有before, after :Turn the lights off before you leave.离开前请关灯。He started the job soon after he left the uni versity.他大学毕业后就开始做这份工作。 表示自从”或直到”的时间连词。主
9、要的有si nee, un til, till:He has lived here since he got married.他结婚后就一直住在这儿。Most men worked until till they re 65. 大多数男人工作到 65 岁。温馨提示：用until / till引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词要十分小心地去加以选择的。如谓语动词是持续性的 ，要用肯定形式，女口： I studied hard un til12 o clock last n ight.如果谓语动词是瞬间性的，则要用否定形式，如:He did nt go to bed un til his moth
10、ercame back.(4) 表示一就”的时间连词。主要的有 as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no soonerthan, hardlywhe n 等:你一见到他就把这消息告诉他。我一看到她就认出她来了。他一到来我就要见他。我一干完活就回家了。Tell him the n ews as soon as you see him.I recog ni zed her the mome nt (that) I saw her.I
11、want to see him the min ute (that) he arrives.I went home directly I had fini shed work.他一来我们就可以开始。Once he arrives, we can start.（5）表示上次”、下次”、每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time（每次），each time（每 次）,（the） next time（下次）,any time（随时）,（the） last time（上次）,the first time（第 一次）：Last time I saw him, he looked ill.上次我见到
12、他的时候，他好像有病。Do look me up n ext time you re in Lon do n.你下次到伦敦来，一定来找我。Every time I call on him, he is out.我每次去访问他，他都不在。You can call me any time you want to.你随时都可以给我打电话。2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词：主要有if, unless, as (so) long as, in case等:If anyone calls tell them I m not at home.要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家。You will fail un
13、less you work hard.你若不努力就会失败。As So long as you need me, I ll stay.只要你需要我，我就留下。In case I forget, please remind me about it.万一我忘记，请提醒我一下。【注】在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的if 之后可能用will ，但那不是将来时态，而是表示意愿或委婉的 请求(will为情态动词)：If you will wait a moment, I ll fetch the money.请等一下，我就去拿钱。3. 引导目的状
14、语从句的从属连词：主要的有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等：We used the computer in order that we might save time.我们使用计算机是为了节约时间。说清楚，以便让他们能明白你的 安静些，免得把婴儿吵醒。他努力工作以免会失败。Speak clearly so that they may un dersta nd you. 意思。Be quiet in case you should wake the baby.He is work ing hard for fear he should fail
15、.that 等:我们现在都到齐了，那是一个很难的他关窗户用力很大，4. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词：主要的有so that, so that, suchwe re all here now, so that the meeti ng can beg in at last.终于能开会了。It s so difficult a question that none of us can answer it.问题，我们没有一个人能回答。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 结果玻璃震破了。【注】so that中的that在口语中通常可以省略。5. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词：主要的有 because, as, since, seeing (that), now(that), con sideri ng (that)等:He couldn t got
