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1、名词性从句一、定义名词性从句，其用法相当于一个名词的用法，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语，分别叫做主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。二、引导名词性从句的连接词1. 连接代词：既起连接作用，本身又做从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语：who、whoever、whom、whomever、whose、whosever、which、whichever、what、whatever。2. 连接副词：既起连接作用，本身又做从句的状语：when、where、why、how。3. 从属连词：只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分：that、whether、if、as if/though等。【温馨提示】根据
2、句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether，if和as if都用不上时，才用that做连接词。【练习一】在空格处填入适当的连接词，然后指出每句分别属于哪种名词性从句。1. The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 同位语从句2. I am very interested in how he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time. 宾语从句3. What we need is more time. 主语从句4. Please tell me wh
3、o/whom you are waiting for. 宾语从句5. No one knew whose dictionary that was. 宾语从句6. Do you know which is longer, the Changjiang River or the Mississippi? 宾语从句7. Whether he will come or not is not yet known. 主语从句8. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 主语从句9. My question is who will take over preside
4、nt of the Foundation. 表语从句10. The reason why he didnt come this morning was that it was raining heavily. 表语从句三、名词性从句中需要注意的几大问题 当主语时态为一般过去式时，宾语从句的时态通常要与主句保持一致，但如果从句表示的是真理或客观现象，则仍用一般现在时。1. 我告诉他我马上回来。 I told him (that) I would come back soon.2. 他说他已经读完这部小说。 He said (that) he had finished reading this n
5、ovel.3. 老师说光比声传播快。 The teacher said (that) light travels faster than sound. that引导宾语从句时，很多情况下都可省略，不可省去的情况有： 动词后有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，紧跟动词后的宾语从句可以省去that，其余的宾语从句前的that不能省去。4. 他说展览会很好，他想再去参观一次。 He said (that) the exhibition was excellent and that he wanted to visit it once more. 谓语和宾语从句之间有插入语时，宾语从句前的that不能省去。
6、5. 就在那时，我第一次注意到我们的老板穿着他那件漂亮的绿外套。 Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our boss was wearing his beautiful green coat. 宾语从句紧跟在间接宾语后时，that不能省去6. 老师建议我们要重视读和写。 The teacher advised us that we should pay attention to reading and writing. it作形式宾语时，宾补之后引导宾语从句的that不能省去。7. 我们都认为史密斯先生被选为俱乐部主席这件事是真的。 W
7、e all believe it true that Mr. Smith was elected chairman of the club. except后接的宾语从句不能省去that。8. 除了一些不合适的句子外，他的文章很好。 His article is very good except that there are only a few unfit sentences. that在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时都不可省去。9. 他考试不及格让父母很失望。 That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.10. 事实
8、是我从来没去过那里。 The truth is that I have never been there.11. 父亲答应给我买辆自行车。 My father made a promise that he would buy me a bike. that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别： that引导同位语从句时为从属连词，在从句中不作成分。12. 他们比赛获胜的消息是真的。 The news that they won the game is true. that引导定语从句时为关系代词，在从句中作成分。13. 你昨天跟我讲的消息是真的。 The news that you told me
9、yesterday is true. 在引导名词性从句时，if只能引导宾语从句，而whether可以引导所有的名词性从句。当引导宾语从句时，if和whether通常可以互换，但下列情况除外： 当宾语从句本身是否定句时，用if而不用whether。14. 他问是否我没买那支钢笔。 He asked if I hadnt bought the pen. 介词后的宾语从句，用whether而不用if。15. 一切取决于我们是否有足够的钱。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 连接词紧挨着or not时，只能用whether，不紧挨着
10、时两者都可以用。16. 我不知道他是否会喜欢它。 I dont know whether or not hell like it. I dont know whether/if hell like it or not.【拓展】1. 条件状语从句只能用if。如：If you have time, please come here.2. 表示“无论”，引导让步状语从句，只能用whether。如：Whether he will come or not, I will go there on time.3. 和动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如： I dont know whether to
11、ask him for help. as if/though、because也可以引导表语从句。as if/though引导表语从句时，谓语动词可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气（指现状，用过去式；指过去，用过去完成时；指将来，用would/should/could/might+动词原形）。17. 看起来好像要下雨。 It looks as if it is going to rain.18. 他看起来似乎是冰做的。 He looks as if he were made of ice.19. 这是因为他没赶上火车。 This is because he missed the train.20. 他
12、来晚的原因是他没赶上火车。 The reason why he was late was that he had missed the train.21. 那就是他昨天为什么缺席。 That is why he was absent yesterday. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 “wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望（常省去引导词that）。 （1）表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式，be动词一律用were； （2）表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”； （3）表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”22. 我希望我是一
13、只在空中飞翔的小鸟。 I wish I were a bird flying in the sky.23. 他希望将来的某一天，他能成为科学家。 He wishes he could become a scientist someday.24. 我希望你当初别把这一切告诉我。 I wish you hadnt told me everything. 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的宾语从句，这类动词对应的名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句，以及这类词对应的句型“It is+这类词的过去分词”后面that引导的主语从句中，谓语动词均用should+动词原形（should可以省略）。这类动词为：
14、一坚持要求insist；二命令order，command；三建议suggest，propose，advise；五要求require，request，demand，desire，urge。25. 他建议我们下周举行一次会议。 He suggested (that) we (should) hold a meeting next week.26. 他的建议是我们下周举行一次会议。 His suggestion is that we (should) hold a meeting next week.27. 有人建议我们下周举行一次会议。 It is suggested that we (shoul
15、d) hold a meeting next week.【温馨提示】当insist表示“坚持说、坚持认为”和suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。28. 他坚持说他没有偷东西。 He insisted (that) he hadnt stolen anything.29. 他苍白的脸表明他很虚弱。 His pale face suggests that he is weak.【注意】“should+动词原形”表达虚拟语气，should不能省略的情况：30. 该是孩子们睡觉的时候了。 It is high time that the children should go to bed. It is high time that the children went to bed. 1
