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1、Unit 4 Astronomy Grammar【学习目标】认识，了解并掌握主语从句的用法和引导词定义：用作_的从句就叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。Step1 Lead-in：观察下列各句的主语并且划出下列句中的主语：(标出词性)1. You are a student 2. A tree has fallen across the road.3. Smoking is bad for you. 4. To find your way can be a problem.5. It is impossible to finish this task in half an hour.6. 30
2、years has seen the changes in our hometown.Step2 Conclusion:寻规找矩：请划出下列各句的主语(部分)。1. That she was chosen made us very happy.2. Who will go to the concert is not known.3. Whether she will come or not is still a question.4. Which book they will choose is still unknown.5. When we shall hold our sports me
3、et is not decided. 6. Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.7. How they will solve the serious problem today has not been decided.8. What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.9. Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.10. Its strange that he kn
4、ows nothing about it.11. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.12. It is said that President Hu Jingtao will visit our school next week.思考与探究：1）作主语的可以是？ 2）从句用什么语序？ 3）第8和第9句的主语怎么不在句首？ 小结归纳一、主语从句的两种形式。1. 主语从句位于句首。例1：_ light travels in straight lines is known to all.例2：_ he wanted to see was an
5、 end to all the armies of the world.2. 用_作形式主语放在句首，真正的主语从句置于句末。例1：It seems certain _ hell win the prize.例2：Its a pity _ you cant share the happiness of success with us.例3：It has been announced _ the plane is to take off.例4：Its necessary _ quick action be taken.二、主语从句的引导词有：_Step3引导词详解 主语从句的引导词主要有三种：连
6、词（_），连接代词（_），连接副词（_）。1. 连词_，_和_；1) _作为连词，本身没有意义，也不在句子中充当成分，它只是引导一个从句，但当他位于句首的时候不能省略。例1：_ everyone can do it well is beyond and doubt.例2：Its well known _ China is playing an important part in international affairs.2) _和_都有“是否”的意思，也不在句子中充当任何成分，当主语从句必须位于句首时，必须用whether，另外whether经常和or not构成固定搭配。例1：_ well
7、 go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.例2：_ hell come or not makes little difference to us.例3：It doesnt matter _ you agree with us or not.2. 连接代词_，_，_，_和_；1) _和_它们都可作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但_意为“什么”或“的（人或东西）”，_则表示一种选择性，意为“哪一个（些）”。例1：_ is to be done next hasnt been decided. A What B Which C How D Why例2：_ we
8、 need is more mony. A What B Which C How D Why例3：_- of the two is better remains to be seen. A What B Which C How D Why例4：It bothered me _ of them I should choose. A What B Which C How D Why2) _，_和_指人，可用作从句中的主语、宾语或表语，意为“谁”；_也指人，但只用作从句中的宾语和表语，而不用作从句的主语；_用作从句中的定语，意为“谁的”，即可指人也可指物。例1：_ will teach us Eng
9、lish this term remains unknown. A Who B Whom C Whose例2：_ he likes best is clear to us all. A Who B Whom D Whose例3：_ book is left in the labrary remains unknown. A Who B Whom C Whose3. 连接副词_，_，_和_；它们都可引导宾语从句，并在从句中作状语。_意为“何时”或“什么时候”，在从句中作时间状语；_意为“何地”或“什么地方”，在从句中作地点状语；_意为“为什么”，在从句中作原因状语；_意为“如何，怎么”，表程度或
10、方式；例1：_ we start the work is an important question. A When B Where C Why D How例2：_ the meeting should be held hasnt been decided. A When B Where C Why D How例3：_ he failed the test is _ I try to find out.例4：_ he managed to survive in the forest interested everyone present. A When B Where C Why D How4
11、. Whichever，whatever，who(m)ever等引导的主语从句。 它们引导主语从句时，在从句中的作用和which，what，who(m)的作用一样。它们强调一种强烈的陈述语气，没有疑问的意思。Whichever意为_，whatever意为_，who(m)ever意为_。例1：_ breaks the rule should be punished severely. A Whoever B Whichever D Whatever例2：_ you came up with at the meeting will be discussed. A Whoever B Whichev
12、er D Whatever例3：_- book you may choose will meet my taste. A Whoever B Whichever D Whatever注：Whichever，whatever，who(m)ever 也可以引导让步状语从句，此时它们分别相当于no matter which, no matter what, no matter who(m), 但后者不能引导名词性从句。 例1：Whoever breaks the rule should be punished severely. (等于/不等于)No matter who breaks the rule should be punished severely. 例2：Whichever book you may choose, I will be satisfied. (等于/不等于)No matter which book you may choose, I will be satisfied.Step4 Practice：用方框里的词填空以构成正确的句子who, whom, what,
