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1、教案7.21定语从句详细讲解一、定义与相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰 的先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有七，which, who, whom, whose,等s 关系副词有when, where, wh等。关系词通常有以下三个作用：A. 引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hand
2、s with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行 词the man, “who是引导定语从句的关系词代替先行词the man,在定语从句中 作主语。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1who指人，在定语从句中主作语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明7晨点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped a
3、n old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我们物理的老师。2whom指人，在定语从句中宾作语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.李明正是我想要见的男孩。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting
4、for has come. 你正在 等的教授已经来了。The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。注意：关系代词hom在口语或非正式文体中常可Who来代替，也可省略。The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend3which 指物，在定语从句中主作语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数 男孩所喜欢的运动。The factor
5、y which makes computers is far away from here. 制 造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去 很漂亮。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的 钢笔。The film ( which ) they went to see last night w
6、as not interest ing at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4. that指人时，相当于ho或whom指物时，相当于hich在定语从句中主语 或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each ye ar reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上 看到的那个人在哪儿？The person that /whom you introd
7、uced to me is very kind. 你 介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以 后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。5whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。He has a
8、friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生 的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经 住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读 过的学校很出名。
9、Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked f or.二Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我 将把你要的杂志带来。This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yester day.=This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我 昨天跟他打台球的男孩。Well go to hear the
10、 famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.=Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often ta lked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to impr oving our working conditions.=The manager in whose company I work pays much attentio
11、n to impro ving our working conditions我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条 件。1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面look for, look after， take care of 等。（正）This is the watch （which / that） I am looking for.This is the watch for which I am looking .（误）这是我正在找的手表。The babies （whom / who / that） the nurse is looking after are
12、 very healthy.（正）The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。2 .若介词放在关系代前，关系代词指人时只可用whom不可用who, that；关系 代词指物时只可用which不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用hoseThe man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. （ 正）The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. （误）你刚
13、才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. （正）The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. （误）我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。3. “介词关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词（将先行词带入试试，可以看出介词是否有问如：He loves his parents deeply, both of
14、whom are very kind to him . 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about
15、country life. 迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中3部是关于农村生活的。四、关系副词引导的定语从句1 when指时间，在定语从句中时作间状语。I stillremember the day when I first came to this school. 我 仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.1949年1 0 月1 日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with h is grandparents.你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？2 where 指地点，在定语从句中地作点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born. #是我出生的城市。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我 十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。I visited the farm
