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1、现在完成时讲解和练习1 .现在完成时的构成：havehas+过去分词（过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化2 .现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句He has finished the work.一般疑问句Has he finished the work? 回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasn t.否定句He has not finished the work.特殊疑问句 What has he done?3 .现在完成时的用法：A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如：The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车
2、子已在门口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。 （结果：窗户仍破着）B.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用 ，如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词 how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.自从 2002 年 Mr. Black 一直住在中国。How long
3、have you been here?你来这里多久了 ?4.在下列情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语already已经肯定句中或句尾e.g.: I have already found my pen.=I have found my pen already.yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾e.g.: I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾经句中e.g.： Have you ever seen pandas?never从不句中e.g.： I have never been to Beijing.just刚
4、刚 句中e.g.: I have just done my work.before以前句尾e.g.： I have never been there before.so far到目前为止e.g.: So far he has learnt 200 words.how long多久e.g.: How long have you lived here?how many times 多少次e.g.: How many times has he been to Beijing?for two monthsfor + ,段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months.since l
5、ast yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here.（2）两结构（3）三词组表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”1.havegone to 去了某地e.g.: He has gone to Beijing2.havebeen to 去过某地（去了北京）表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了e.g.: He has
6、 been to Beijing.（去过北京）3.havebeen in表示在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如： since, for, how longe.g.: Mr. Brown has been in Beijing for three days. 布朗先生来 d 匕京已经有三天了4 .如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。e.g.: Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗?5 .现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型They have planted many trees in the
7、 last few years.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。This is the best book I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第次玩电月百游戏。6 .在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用e.g.： He has bought the book for 3 years. （ 错 ）因 buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间 for 3 years 连用 , 改正的办法有五种： He has bought the book.（去
8、掉一段时间for 3 years） He bought the book 3 years ago（改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变） It s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed sincebhoeught the book.（改为固定句型It is -since- ） He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句） He has had the book for 3 years.（用延续性动词 have代替 buy）7. 还有其他瞬间动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法
9、改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同， 举例如下： come/arrive/get to/reach f be heree.g： I have come here for 3 years. （错） leave/go -be awaye.g.： He has left for 3 hours. （错） begin/startfbe one.g.： The film has begun for 3 minutes. （错） open fbe open / close f be closede.g.: The shop has opened for 3 years.（错） die -be de
10、ad改为： I have been here for 3 years.改为： He has been away for 3 hours.改为： The film has been on for 3 minutes.改为： The shop has been open for 3 years.e.g.： His father has died for 3 years.（ 错） 改为： His father has been dead for 3 years. finish/end f be over例： He has finished the work for 3 days.（ 错）改为： Th
11、e work has been over for 3 days join例： I have joined the army for 3 years. （错）改为： I have been in the army for 3 years. 或 I have been a soldier for 3 years. buy /catch f havee.g.： I have bought the bike for 3 years. （错） 改为： I have had the bike for 3 years.He has caught a cold for 3 days. （错） 改为： He h
12、as had a cold for 3 days. borrow f keepe.g： I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错） 改为： I have kept the book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：leave - be away borrow - keep buy - have die - be dead begin/start - be on finish - be overfall ill -be ill get up-be upcatch a cold - have a cold put on- wear come/be
13、come/go - behere fall asleep - be asleep get to/ arrive/reach - be （in） get to know - knowjoinbe amember of .（ 成为 的 员） open -be open close -be closebreak f be broken get up f be up marry f be married become f be lose - be lo*t8.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在
14、的影响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday. （强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。 ）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。 ）2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago, last week/. In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday . Then（ 那时）,that day, one day, once（从前）一、写出以下常用瞬间动词的相应延续性动词：1. have arrived at/in sw.
15、got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. f have been in sw./at 2. have come/gone back/returned 3. have come/gone out f4. have become f-5.haveclosed / opened -6. have got up f7. have died ;8. have left sw. 10. have finished/ended/completed ；9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep ；11. have married f；二、用正确的时间表达词汇填空Have you done your homework ? (for, just, yet)I have been to Guangdong. (for, never, yet)rHe has worked there he left school.
