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1、句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子的成分,它包括主语, 谓语, 宾语,表语, 宾语补足语, 定语, 状语. 其中主谓是句子的主体成分, 定语状语为次要部分. 1. 主语. 它是动作的执行者,常放在句首， 表示句子所说的是什么或是谁. 常由名词, 代词, 数词, 不定式, 动名词, 或由主语从句来充当.Some people like drinking red tea.She has left for Paris Who wants to see the film?Three is enough for each of us. The old need our help. To be a doc
2、tor is my wish.Remembering so many words is hard work.What he said cant be true.It is important for us that we should obey these rules.Its not good that you didnt come on time.2. 谓语. 表示主语的动作或所处的状态, 常由动词或动词短语来充当. 有人称, 时态, 数的变化.He caught up with me. Mary likes the music.I have tried this way three tim
3、es.Lily can help you. What happened last night?I would like to invite you to my birthday.They are playing the football.3. 宾语. 它是谓语动作的承受者或对象, 常放在谓语动词后面，用来说明主语做了一件什么事, 常由名词, 代词, 数词, 不定式, 动名词, 或由宾语从句来充当.We study Chinese and English.You can play with them.I received ten before Christmas.They are plannin
4、g to travel this summer.We should help the poor.He wants to go back home.I dont know where to go.He enjoys reading foreign stories.Please stop making noise.We believe that you can do the work.He telephoned me that he would arrive late.4. 表语. 常放在连系动词后面, 用来说明主语的特征, 属性, 状态, 身份. 常由名词, 数词, 不定式, 动名词, 形容词,
5、 过去分词, 介词短语,副词或是表语从句来充当.He became a teacher.Tom is a Canadian. Whose is that coat?She was the first one to leave. Ill be 18 in May.It looks nice. Im surprised at the news.The story is interesting. My job is to feed the animals.We were at table. The question is where we should go.5. 定语。用来描述名词或代词,起修饰限
6、定作用，放在名词或代词前面或后面，可以翻译成“样的” 称为前置定语和后置定语两种。（1）。前置定语。单个的形容词，名词, 代词, 数词,或名词所有格，动名词来做定语，常常前置。 This bottle your tongue two pieces a stone A sleeping bag beautiful pictures Jacks bike (2) 后置定语, 放在所修饰的词后面，常由形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式, 动名词, 过去分词，或是由定语从句来充当 Something interesting a way to solve the problem The books on t
7、he shelf anyone new The man who talked to you just now teaches us English.He visited the house which I used to live in.6. 状语. 修饰动词，形容词，副词或其它状语成分，用来表示时间， 地点，方式，比较，程度，原因，目的，结果，条件。让步等。Tom speaks English very fast.We work to live.The meeting will be held in Room 301.Ill come to see you tomorrow.He was a
8、bsent from school because he was ill.If it snows tomorrow, we will go out to play.7. 宾语补足语. 有些动词除了需要宾语外，还需要有宾语补足语，这样句子才有完整的意思，宾语补足语用来对宾语起补充，说明关系。常由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式, 动名词, 过去分词来充当。We all find him funny.You can invite them in.I heard someone singing songs.He wanted us to attend the match.I had my bik
9、e repaired yesterday.8. 同位语。对句子的某一成分作进一步解释，说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位的成分叫做同位语，同位语常放在被说明的词之后。常由名词，代词, 数词, 和同位语从句来充当。We have two foreign teachers, a Canadian and an American.They each can get a chance to travel by air.We all went there.The news that were having a holiday tomorrow is true.Are you three ready t
10、o start out.五大基本句型一， 主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 连系动词分为：:1. be- am is are was were have/ has been 2. 表感官的动词: look sound taste smell fell appear prove 3. 表变化的动词: get turn become go grow come fall 4. 表持续状态的动词: stay keep remain last stand sit Im a student You are beautiful She was out. He is under the tree.2. 表感官
11、. The song sounds wonderful. He feels very sad. It tastes good.3. 表变化. It gets colder and colder.We are in the room.All my hair turns grey.二， 主语+谓语(S+V) 它是英语中最简单的句式，句中的动词大多为不及物动词或者动词后不需要宾语，常见的不及物动词有：appear, arrive, come, die, fall, happen, rise等。His name never dies.They arrived at four oclock.We are
12、 singing in the room.The book sells well.三， 主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)它是英语中的一个基本句型，表示某人做了某事,常由及物动词做谓语。Farmers grow lots of vegetables.My father runs a big shoe factory.I know you are right.He wanted to give me a hand.I didnt know whom we should depend on.四， 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+O+O)某些动词后必须要跟两个宾语才能表达完整意思，比如说：tel
13、l, give, hand, pass, pay, teach, show, bring, send, buy, promise.有时可以改为to或for的句式He brings me a book.- He brings a book to me.The teacher teaches us English.He told me that there would be a concert.I will pay you the money.He gave us much money.- He gave much money to us.I bought a book for you.五， 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C) 有些动词除了需要宾语外，还需要有宾语补足语，这样句子才能表达完整的意思,宾语补足语用来对宾语起补充，说明关系。常由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式, 动名词, 过去分词来充当。 They painted the door red. We all imagine him foolish. He asked me to help him. I heard a man singing in the room. I found myself at the foot of a mountain. I had my bike repaired.4
